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JOURNAL OF EVENTS 



PKINCIPALLY ON THE 



Detroit and Niagara Frontiers, 



DUEING THE 



W^A-U OB" 1812. 



BY CAPT. W.^H. MERRITT, 

OF THE PROV. LIGHT DRAGOONS. 



ST. CATHARINES, C. W. 

PUBLISHED BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, B. N. A. 

1S63. 






PREFACE, 



The committee of the Historical Society of B. N. A. decided at their 
meeting of November 6, to again pubhsh some of the documents in tlieir 
possession. 

From among a variety of papers of great historical interest, they have 
selected the following Military Journal of events in the war of 1812-13 
and 14, which was kept by the late Hon. W. H. Memtt, M. L. C. — one 
of the ordinal founders of this society. 

In performing this duty the committee are aware that they have under- 
taken a grave responsibility, but at the same time they have endeavored to 
discharge it with fidelity 

It may be remarked that, the journal, subsequent to the battle of Lun- 
dy's Lane, was written at a distance from the seat of action, and while Mr. 
Merritt was a prisoner of war, he had not the advantage of personal obser- 
vation. The subject, however, was one which never lost its interest; and 
the incidents described by Mr. Memtt are given in accordance with the 
statements of persons direct from the scene of the several occun-ences. 



IN^TRODTJCTIOISr. 



NEWS OF WAR — CONCENTKATIOJST ON FRONTEEK, ETC. 

We received intelligence of the declaration of war by the 
United States on Saturday, the 27tl!. of June, 1812, from a mes- 
senger sent by the late John Jacob Astor to Thomas Clark, Esq., 
of Niiigara Falls. An express was immediately sent to the Pres- 
ident, General Brock, who was at York, (now Toronto) the seat of 
Government. The news spread over the country like lightning, 
and produced an instantaneous alarm. We expected an imme- 
diate attack from the United States forces, who, we believed, 
had long been prepared for war. 

The President, Brigadier General Brock, who is justly descri- 
bed as the saviour of Canada, was, of all men, the best adapted 
for command at this juncture. He perfectly understood human 
nature, and the peculiar disposition of the Militia. He was active, 
brave, vigilant, and determined. He had a peculiar faculty of 
attaching all parties and people to his person: in short, he infused 
the most unbounded confidence in all ranks and descriptions of 
men under his command. General Brock arrived at Fort George 
on the 28th. The Flank Volunteer companies and corps were 
assembled and marched to the line in the interim, with the greatest 
despatch. The 1st. 4th. and 5th. local Militia, and 2d. York, were 
at Queenston and Niagara, with the Artillery — the 2d. and 3d. 
local Militia at Chippewa and Fort Erie — the Dragoons detatch- 
ed to the different Posts. General Brock communicated with the 
U. States people (by a flag of truce,) wl^ had not yet been oificially 
informed of the declaration of \\-ar. Our batteries, which had been 
prepared with the greatest diligence, he intended, at two differ- 
ent times, to open against Fort Niagara; which would have been 
a most valuable and easy conquest, as it was totally defenceless, 
and a small garrison in it. He was advised, at present, to desist; 
shortly after received an order which confirmed it, from Sir George 
Provost, the Commander in Chief, to act solely on the defensive, 
though much against his will and better judgment. This was 
conceived, by the Commander in Chief, to be a party war. He 
was fearful offensive operations would unite the enemy, without 



which they would be unable to carry on Ihe war. Experience 
has fully proved the fallacy of those ideas. 



NUMBER AND POSITION OF FOKCES ON THE NIAG-AKA AND DETEOIT 

FEONTIEES. 

It will be necessary here to take a summary view of the situation 
of this country, number of troojDS, and means of defence. Here- 
tofore, we had merely the aiime of being taxed, consequently, 
there was very little money in the treasury; to remedy which, a 
few moneyed men formed themselves into a committee under the 
sanction of Government, called the British Niagara Association, 
and issued paper money for prompt payment of the troops, and for 
other purposes. The number of regular troops in the upper country 
consisted of part of the 49th. and 61st. regiments, and a few artil- 
lerists, in all, less than one thousand men, which garrisoned York, 
Ft. George, Chippewa, Fort Erie, Amherstburgh, Sandwich, and St. 
Josephs, covering an extent of nearly fifteen hundred miles. The 
Militia of the country were in tolerable order, one-third of each 
regiment was formed into two flank companies, who volunteered 
their services; of course, they were composed of the most active 
and zealous young men in the country. There were likewise a 
company of Militia Artillery, R. A. Drivers, and a troop of Cav- 
alry, in the Niagara District, in all, something short of a thousand 
men; which, with the Indians, were all the hopes of the'country 
at this alarming crisis. The most sanguine friends expected to 
see us overwhelmed by the enemy in a very short time, and this 
idea was industriously infused by every lukewarm individual, and 
it was our misfortune to have a few of them, although perhaps 
not more than any other country. The loyalists exerted them- 
selves with a vigor and zeal that will ever be gratefully remems 
bered; the happy effects of which, together with the wise admin- 
istration of our Commander, were soon perceived. There appeared 
a perfect unity of all parti A: the only feeling was a fixed deter- 
mination of defending the country to the last extremity. 

Brigadier General Brock made a most judicious choice of his 
staff. Capt. Glegg, of the 4:9th. regiment, was his military, and 
Lieut. Col. Nichol and McDonald were his Provincial Aid-de 
Camps; William Clausd, Esq. was appointed Colonel of Militia; 
Major Thomas Merritt of Militia Dragoons, of which there were to 
have been a squadron in the Niagara District, a part of Capt. 
Burton's troop at York was to act under his command — only one 
troop, however, was allowed, owing to the jealousy of the Com- 
manders of Militia regiments, who were losing their best men. 



aud other causes. Capt. Swazey raised a troop of Drivers, and 
procured a Jmndred liorses for Government at fifteen pence per 
diem. He deserves the greatest credit for his indefatigable exer- 
tions. Mr. AVilcox, overawed bv tlie vio-ilance of the President, 
made him a tender of his press and services — Marakle and many 
of his adherents followed his example, which was declined, at the 
same time they were given to understand that silence was the 
only means of saving them a journey to Quebec. 

From this period to the 21st. of July nothing material occurred 
on the Frontier. The flank companies and all corps took a pride 
in doing their duty, which was very severe, as we were in mo- 
mentary expectation of an attack. Patrols were kept up with 
little intermission along the whole line from Fort George to Fort 
Erie. Those off duty, were on fatigue, notwithstanding which they 
improved rapidly in their discipline. Batteries were erected on 
every eligible position on the lines. The greatest possible exer- 
tions were making for a vigorous resistance, under the eye of our 
Commander, who was continually on the move, visitins: everv 
post. 



CHAPTER I. 



HOSTILITIES COIVTMENCED AT AMHEKSTBUKGH — INDIANS MUSTERED. 

An express was despatched to Col. St. George, Inspecting Field 
Officer of Militia, who commanded at Amherst burgh, (this was af- 
terwards styled the right division,) and to Capt. Roberts, command- 
ing at St. Josephs, with orders to commence offensive operations. 
Shortly after the declaration of war, Capt. Eochelle boarded and 
took possession of a United States schooner, with thirty soldiers 
and a quantity of baggage on board, near Amherstburgh, with 
only five men in his boat. The States people were completely 
driven into a surrender, thinking themselves within range of the 
Fort. This event, by giving information of the enemy's design, 
was of the greatest importance. Capt. Muir of the 41st. was pre- 
paring to cross the river and endeavor by every means in his 
power to retard the progress of the enemy, who were within ten 
day's march, with an army, magnified by report to eight thou- 
sand men. This is a most clear and unquestionable proof of the 
designs of the United States Government. The army above men- 
tioned, raised three months before war was declared, was un- 
der the eye and command of Major General Hull, Governor of 



8 

the Michigan Territory. These were to have been at Detroit bj 
the time their j^lans were matured, and on the first intima- 
tion of war, to march over and take possession of Amherstburgh, 
and that before we possibly could have been prepared to receive 
them, pushed through the country to Burlington Heights or Fort 
George, and thus accomplish their own measures. Happily their 
tardy movements frustrated these designs, and turned their mighty 
preparations to their greater discomfiture; as counter orders arrived 
to act only on the defensive, and protect our own frontier, before 
the St. George detachment left. The order was, fortunately, not 
extended to Capt. Roberts; who, shortly after, or about the time 
Gen. Hull invaded Canada, took possession of Michillimackinac, 
without the loss of a man. This acquisition, with the noble mo- 
tives by which Tecumseh was actuated, secured us the friendship 
of 3,11 the western Indians. 

About the beginning of July, the celebrated and magnanimous 
Chief Tecumseh, arrived at Amherstburgh, with about one hundred 
and fifty Indians of the Shawnee Tribe; and by his singular tact 
and address, soon gained over the Wyandotts, which, with some 
others arriving, made a force of between five and six hundred. 
Self preservation is alone a sufficient plea for our having recourse 
to the assistance of those warriors. The weaker and invaded 
party is perfectly justifiable in resorting to every means in their 
power for defence. The natives had commenced hostilities against 
the whites some time since, and certainly every candid and unbi- 
assed person must say they had sufficient reasons for so doing, 
by the settlers unwarrantable encroachments on their lands 
and proi3erty. Every friend of humanity must deprecate the sav- 
age mode of warfare: to alleviate and restrain which, as much as 
possible, a grand council of war was held at Amherstburgh, where 
their Chiefs solemnly promised to abolish the shocking practice 
of scalping, likewise to save all prisoners that should fall into 
their possession. 

Part of the Grenadier and battalion companies being sent up, the 
regular ibrces of the right division numbered three hundred men. 
Nearly all the Militia were out, many of whom were deficient 
in arms, not more than three hundred were in the Fort, the re- 
mainder had retired to their homes. Capt. Muir, a most active 
and enterprising officer, was stationed at Sandwich, with a com- 
pany of the 4:1st., and a detachment of Militia, with which force he 
wished to make a defence, and if beaten, retire to Amherstburgh. 
He received an order from Col. St. George to retire on the first 
approach of the enemy, by which means General Hull and his 
army of twenty-five hundred men were allowed to land on our 
soil, without a solitary shot to celebrate the event. The first act 



of this General was to issue a proclamatioD, calling upon the peo- 
ple to throw off tlieir allegiance, threatening all those found fighting 
by the side of a native with extermination. To carry his threats 
into execution, he said he had four thousand men, which were 
only the vanguard of a much greater force. With the cowardly 
and disaffected it liad some weight, but only stimulated the brave 
and loyal inhabitants to a more determined resistance. On the 
enemies landing, on the 11th. of July, our advance posts were 
withdrawn to tlie river Canard, within three miles of Amherst- 
burgh, by which means the enemy had a communication open 
with the whole Vi'^estern district. The Fort could only communi- 
cate by water, or through a wilderness, to Long Point or Fort 
George. Col. St. George was severely censured by the country 
for retiring without a shot before the enemy. He likewise lost Ihe 
confidence of In's detachment by his irresolute conduct. Many 
skirmishes took place at the Canard, in which we were always 
successful. In one, thirty Indians drove one hundred and fifty 
of the invaders several miles — during the contest an Indian was 
killed and scalpe<l by a United States Captain, who showed it in 
camp as a matter of exultation — the same officer was killed and 
scalped at Brownstown shortly after, for the Indians brought in 
the body, called a Grand Council, and produced it, retracting 
all former promises, and denouncing vengeance against those en- 
emies to whom the continuation of this horrid practice should be 
ascribed, as they certainly commenced it. Two sentinels of the 
41st. in one of those skirmishes stood to their posts till one was 
killed, having received four wounds; the other taken, after re- 
ceiving three. A plundering party of the enemy were sent to 
Beldoon, a settlement of Lord Selkirk's, brought away several 
hundred Merino sheep, and every article they coiild get hold of: 
they were likewise sent up the river Thames to Dolson's, and 
McGregor's mill, and carried away a quantity of flour, &c. Mr. 
Watson, a traitor, v;lio hud left this country, penetrated as far as 
Delaware Town, distributing proclamations and endeavoring to 
incite the inhabitants to insurrection. 



LIGHT DRAGOONS SENT TO DETROIT IN ADVANCE OF THE GOVEKNOK, 

GENERAL BROCK. 

Hearing of Watson's conduct, on the 28th. of July, I was sent 
up with a small detachment of Dragoons to take him if possible, 
and establish a communication with Col. Proctor, wlio had a short 
time since superseded Col. St. George. We got intelligence of the 
party, but he made off half an hour before we arrived. Made 



10 

Allen and two more of his clan prisoners; had the mortification 
to find some people disaffected; returned with my prisoners to 
Fort George; met Capt. Chambers at Burford, with fifty of the 
41st. on his way to Oxford, where our advance was to be kept. 
The enemy were expected on this route daily. General Brock 
was on his way to York at the time, I overtook him with a 
boat on the lake. Hearing of the very critical situation of the 
right, and knowing the importance of checking the enemy in time, 
he formed the resolution of attacking them in person, and driving 
them out of the country. I was sent back with twenty-eight men to 
join Chambers; I distributed proclamations to counteract the effects 
of Hull's, and ordered the Long Point Militia, under Col. Talbot, to 
join Capt. Chambers: the most of whom on their march refused 
to serve under him, from personal dislike, as they alleged, to the 
individual, and returned to Dover, the same place General Brock 
had ordered the boats and men from tlie frontier to rendezvous at. 
The York flank companies and Capt. Robertson's rifle corps 
marched from thence by land ; likewise fifteen of Capt. Button's 
Dragoons to join me. I was purposing to go to Delaware with 
Major Chambers, on a scout, when he received intelligence of the 
Long Point Militia. We were immediately marched back to 
chastise those refractory gentlemen, and bring them to a sense of 
their duty. Most of the Oxford Militia volunteered on the occa- 
sion; on our arrival at Burford a report was industriously spread 
of a party of United States Dragoons being in the neighborhood. 
After a ride of nearly sixty miles, found there had not been a man 
in the District, although a fellow made an afiidavit he had seen 
them. On the 8th. of August, Gen. Brock and Staff arrived at Do- 
ver, the different detachments arriving the same night from Fort 
Erie with the boats for the expedition. His first step was to send for 
the ringleader of thelast meeting, and send him. Squire Beamer, to 
York; on the 9th. he reviewed the Militia, and addressed them in a 
very pathetic and encouraging manner, commenting on the evil of 
having any disaffected characters among us, on whom he threw 
the reproach of the late disturbance; praised them for their alac- 
rity in coming forward so nobly at this crisis, said he placed the 
most unlimited confidence in their loyalty and courage, expressed 
his determination of proceeding to Amherstburgh and not returning 
till the enemy were driven from the country, and desired all those 
willing to follow him to volunteer their services. This short har- 
rangue had the desired effect, every man volunteered. Unfortu- 
nately the boats could not carry more than four imndred men; 
on hearing which, he told the officers to select three hundred and 
fifty of the best men, which, with the fifty regulars, would be 
more than he wanted. That force was marched down, embarked 



11 

the very same niglit, and arrived at Amberstburgli the l-itli, 
Friday evening. Ttiis small force, with the General, gave new 
life to the worn out troops, who had shortly before been beaten at 
Maguagua; which, added to their excessive fatigue, served to de- 
press their spirits. In the beginning of the month the Indians 
surprised and defeated a body of the enemy at Brown's Town, 
opposite Amherstburgh, and took an Express giving an account oi 
their destination, saying they would be in Detroit the ensuing 
week. A detachment of regulars and Indians under Col. Muir, 
was defeated shortly after, by a superior force, with but 
little loss — the Indians behind bravely covering the retreat, and 
maintaining the unequal action for a length of time. Capt. Muir 
and Tecuraseh were both wounded — our defeat was owing to Col. 
Muir changing his position on the eve of action — from being cov - 
ered, our men were exposed in an open ground. The United 
States forces derived no advantage whatever from their victory. 



THE GOVEENOR ARRIVES OPPOSITE DETROIT, MAKES HIS PREPARATIONS, 

AND TAKES THE PLACE. 



On the arrival of General Brock the enemy evacuated Sand- 
wich; on hearing it he assembled the Militia, and told them that 
the pusillanimous conduct of the enemy, who abandoned their posts 
at the name of a reinforcement, made him desirous of removing the 
miseries of war to their own shores, and take them before they had 
time to reflect. They were all eager to follow when and where 
he liked . The enemy retired with a great quantity of plunder. 
Private property was very little respected; even one or two houses 
were burned, which they said was necessary for the defence of 
their works. On Saturday he marched up to Sandwich ; erected two 
batteries opposite Detroit; sent over a flag of truce demanding the 
surrender of the fort, magnifying our force; saying that motives 
of humanity, and to save the unnecessary effusion of blood alone 
induced us to make the demand, fearing the savages could not 
be restrained after taking forcible possession, &c. As was ex- 
pected. Gen. Hull sent for answer that he would defend while an 
ofiicer was left to draw a sword; on receiving which, to let him 
know our threats were not idle, the batteries, which were just fin- 
ished, were opened on the fort and town. A warm and well di- 
rected fire was returned during the day, but little effect on either 
side was made. The boats and men arriving in the evening, orders 
were issued for embarking on the following morning at 5 o'clock. 

In council of war that was called, only Nichol and McDonald 



12 

Provincial aid-de camps, approved of the attack. At 5 o'clock on 
Sunday, the 16tli of August, the batteries were again opened ;at 
the same time, the Indians, to the number of seven or eight hun- 
dred, under Col. Elliott and Tecumseh, landed at Spring Wells, 
two miles below Deti-oit, in a commanding position, entered the 
wood, and went in rear of the fort. Tecumseh extended his men, 
and marched them three times through an opening, in full view of 
the garrison, which induced them to believe there were at least 
two or three thousand Indians. The regulars and militia cross- 
ing shortly after, formed in open sections, and marched direct for 
the fort with the intention of gaining a ravine within two hundred 
yards of it, which would com]3letely shelter them till prepared 
for tlie attack. 

Although the enemy had two twenty-four pounders, double- 
charged, in a position that would rake the road every shot, 
our troops were allowed to march up, file off to the left, and cov- 
er themselves. A communication was immediately opened on our 
left with the Indians, by means of Capt. Robertson's Rifle Com- 
pany, (and two or three prisoners taken,) by which means the 
place was completely invested on all sides, the men were waiting 
to recover breath for the assault which was to have been on all 
parts at tlie same instant, when a white flag was unexpectedly 
hoisted in the forfe. Gen. Brock sent an aid-de camp to inquire the 
meaning of it; if to surrender, it must be done unconditionally 
and instantaneously, or the assault would be made in five min- 
utes. The message having been so bold and decisive, the terms 
were agreed to, signed, and garrison taken possession of by our 
troops in thirty minutes. 

Many causes combined to induce him to surrender so pre- 
cipitately. First, he could not i lace the least confidence 
in his troops from their former conduct. His own ofiicers 
sent to reconnoitre magnified our force to very great numbers, 
thinking them all regulars; although we had but three Inm- 
dred and fifty regulars and four hundred and thirty militia, 
the vigorous measures of Gen. Brock led to a surrender. 

The garrison was crowded witli troops, which after our 
gaining the ravine, were of no manner of use in repelling the as- 
sault;, would only be in each other's way and increase the car- 
nage: : To heighten the confusion, the women of the -town, for 
safety, were allowed to enter the garrison. The isavages were 
another powerful motive; had they succeeded, it would liave 
been impossible to restrain tlieni. Our general had got the 
range of the fort. Every shot, from their, being so much crowd- 
ed, had efiect. Where Hull showed unpardonable neglect, was 
allowing our troops to land and choose their position, when one- 



13 

half of bis troops ought to have annihilated them. Three hun- 
dred men would have been sufficient to defend the garrison; the 
remaining two thousand and two hundred men were diposahle. 

As my detachment could not embark from Dover, it was sent 
by land to Delaware again to keep up the communication with 
the Westesn District. After an unnecessary delay at this place, 
were allowed to proceed on by Col. Tolbot, (under whose com- 
mand I then was,) to Sandwich, where we arrived the day after 
the fall of Detroit, much chagrined at not being up in time. 

It is easy to imagine the joyful and happy effects this unex- 
pected conquest had on the minds of the people. To see this ar- 
my that had so recently been the terror of the country, march- 
ing down, prisoners to so unequal a force. On the arrival of the 
vessels, the State's people at Buffalo ran down to the shores to 
welcome their arrival. They imagined it was Gen. Hull with the 
garrison of Amherstburgh. Nothing could exceed their despond- 
ency at seeing them lande^ i on our shores, and being informed 
of the event. Their only consolation was in reviling their unfor- 
tunate genera], whom they accused of Bribery and Cowardice. 
They had reason to censure him for the latter, but more for mis- 
management. 

Thus fell the whole territory of Michigan, twenty-five hundred 
men, and an immense quantity of stores, by the prompt and vigor- 
ous measures of Gen. Brock. His presence being no longer requir- 
ed, next day removed to Amherstburgh, and returned in a birch, 
canoe immediately for the Niagara Frontier, which was threaten- 
ed by Gen. Yan Eensselaer. He embarked for Kingston and re- 
turned to Fort George without a moment's delay. The manage- 
ment of everything at Detroit was left to Col. Proctor. 

Gen. Hull and the regulars were sent to Quebec; the militia 
and volunteers were parolled and sent home, which measure at 
the time was considered politic. "Were those men sent to Que- 
bec and detained till regularly exchanged, it would have been the 
means of deterring others from turning out. Many of those fel- 
lows were base enough to return before exchanged, in the en- 
suing campaign. 



14 

CHA.PTER II. 

MILITIA EETURN TO NIAGARA, FOLLOWED BY LIGHT DRAGOONS. 



On the 20th. the militia returned to the Niagara Frontier, es- 
corting the prisoners. My men were detained till the 7th of Sep- 
tember, collecting stores, Honr, &c., abont the country. Arriving 
at Fort George on the 15th, we found the enemy had collected a 
large force at Lewiston, JST. Y., and Black Rock. It was obvious 
from their movements they meditated an attack. It was impos- 
Bible to ascertain the point, consequently we were obliged to ex- 
tend our force along the whole line, which made the duty exces- 
sively severe; patrols moving continually from Niagara to 
Queenston, and from Chippewa, with little intermission, to Fort 
Erie. York Flank Companies wero stationed at Field's Point. 
Two Flank companies 4:9th, and three companies of the 5th Lin- 
coln and 2d York, at and near Queenston; the remainder at Fort 
George and above Chippewa. Batteries were thrown up at every 
mile or two from Fort George to Queenston, where a formidable 
one was erected half way up the mountain; at Scotts', left of 
Queenston and at Durham's. 

-y-'At Chippewa our only fortification was an old irreparable 
Mock house. At Fort Erie, the works were just begun, and for 
the want of means were left unfinished; two or three batteries 
were erected opposite Black Rock on a rising ground. Part of 
the 49th regiment arrived while we were at Detroit, say three 
hundred and fifty men. Major Armaud commanded at Fort 
Erie. 

On the night of the 9tli of October, the United States people 
succeeded in cutting out t\Vo of our schooners, the "Caledonia" 
and " Detroit," which had conveyed some prisoners from Detroit 
the preceeding day. A Capt. C, paymaster 4th regiment, and 
who M^as sent over on his parole, gave information of their 
defenceless state. 

Col. McCoomb and Chapin, with three or four hundred men, 
surprised, and after a short resistance, took possession of them. 
The "Detroit" grounded on Squaw Island. The enemy aban- 
doned her, but we could not possibly get her off. After Lieut. 
Dantford 49th having made an unsuccessful attempt. Cornet 
Pell, Major of Niagara Light Dragoons, made an attempt with 
seven or eight men; he gained the vessel, but the rapidity of the 
stream drove the boat to her stern, which exposed him to the 
fire of several hundred muskets within one hundred yards of 



16 

Squaw Island: he in the act of jumping in the cabin window was 
shot in the forehead. The boat moved off; nearly every man was 
wounded before they reached our shore. The Major received 
three wounds; the first proved fatal. This rash and frnitless at- 
tempt deprived the country of a gallant and promising young 
officer. Gen. Brock arrived just as the enemy had fired the 
schooner, gave the officers a severe reprimand for not keeping a 
better lookout, and returned.|Capt. Rolett and Lieut. Kerr, Royal 
Newfoundland Regiment, were taken in the schooners. 

This petty aflair highly elated the enemy; and being the first 
advantage gained during the war, in a measure hastened and was 
the means of their discomfiture at Queenston; as Gen. Van Rens- 
selaer says in his dispatch there was no restraining the men. 
From this till the 13th. small parties of the enemy were continu- 
ally firing over the river at any person seen moving. A militia 
sentry was killed by this means on Queenston Heights a few 
days before. Capt. Dennis, 49th Grenadiers, commanded at 
Queenston; from the numbers on the opposite shore, he was confi- 
dent of an attack. Beacons were raised on the line to communi- 
cate with Fort George in a few minutes. At 3 o'clock, A. 
M., on the 13th of October, the enemy launched a number of 
boats, and embarked at the old Ferry House. The sentinels 
gave tlie alarm without challenging, the guard opened a spir- 
ited fire, and was shortly supported by the grenadier com- 
pany 49th, and part of two companies of militia, and Lieut. 
Ball, Militia Artillery, with two six pounders, who disputed their 
landing with the greatest obstinacy. The United States forces at 
this period deserve credit for their perseverance; although many 
of their men were slaughtered and one boat destroyed, they ef- 
fected a landing on their left nnder cover of the bank, as- 
cended a point of the mountain, and gained the summit unob- 
served, to the number of five hundred men. This post was 
guarded by Capt. Williams, 49th light company, and one of the 
militia, who seeing their comrades so warmly engaged below, ran 
down to their assistance without leaving a guard at this invalua- 
able position. Owing to the confusion, tlie beacons were not 
lighted. A dragoon gave the alarm at Fort George. Gen. Brock 
galloped up to tlie scene of action followed by his aid-de camps; 
on his arrival the dav beo;an to break. Observing our shells fall- 
ing short of the opposite shore, he rode up to the battery and 
ordered longer fuses. By this time Capt. Dennis had repulsed 
the enemy at all points below, killed a great number and made 
one hundred and fifty prisoners. All imagined the action was 
over, when the enemy were obsei'ved on the mountain within fifty 
yards of the battery. An order was given to retreat, our men 



16 

abandoned the battery, and escaped down the mountain. Gen. 
Brock was assembling the grenadiers with an intention of charg- 
ing the enemy and retaking the battery, when a fatal shot pierced 
his breast; he articulated, ^'Push mi my hoys T and immediately 
expired. Lieut. Col. McDonald, his provincial aid-de camp, and 
Capt. Williams, being joined by a fewof the York Militia, gained 
the heights, although exposed to a galling cross-fire. At the same 
time a few militia men under Lieut. Robinson, attacked them on 
the Chippewa Road. The enemy thinking that Gen. Brock had 
rallied his forces, and was making a joint attack upon them, re- 
tired to the brow of the hill; and was on the point of leaving it, 
when observing some confusion among our men, occasioned by 
the loss of liieut. Col. McDonald and Capt. Williams; (the former, 
after having his liorsu .sliot under him, was mortally wounded,) 
returned ti> tlie attack, and drove our small party back with loss. 
After the enemy gained the mountain, Capt. Dennis was under 
the necessity of leaving his post under the hill, which enabled the 
enemy to land without opposition. Our detachment withdrew 
after bringing the wounded to Durhams, where they collected the 
stragglers and awaited the reinforcements from Fort George and 
Niagara. They were soon joined by the detachment 41st and 
Flank companies of militia, who came double-quick march all 
the way. 

For young soldiei-s, we had the most dismal prospects before us. 
The enemy were magnified to five thousand men, on a excellent 
position, and continually crossing the rirer without our being able 
to annoy them, the wounded meeting us from the field. Col. 
McDonald's stragglers coming in all mud and wet, very much 
fatigued; and lastly, the loss of Gen. Brock; he w\as said to be 
only wounded; too many were sensible of his death, which served 
to reduce them almost to despair. In him we lost a host. 
Such implicit confidence was placed in his skill, bravery, and 
good judgment by all under his command, that led by him they 
were certain of success. To revenge his death, and make a de- 
termined effort to dislodge the enemy uas the general wish and 
voice, although many thought it hopeless. 



ENGAGEMENT AND FINAL EXPULSION OF THE ENEMY. 



Gen. Sheaffe arriving assumed the comuiand. Capt. Holcroft, 
of the Artillery, with a six pounder, advanced to Scott's battery 
with a company of militia to cover him. Morton, with about 
seventy Indians advanced t© the mountain, drove in their 



17 

flanking parties which were three times his number, and at- 
tacked their main body, which obliged him to retire a short 
distance with some loss. His advancing in this spirited man- 
ner was the means of preventing the enemy's sending out 
scouting parties, and enabled the main body of our troops to 
ascend the mountain unmolested. Gen. Sheaffe made an oblique 
movement to the right, gained the mountain in rear of the Indians, 
marched past Chisholms, and formed in Elijah Phelps' fields on 
Chippewa Road, where we awaited the arrival of Col. Clark 
with militia, and;Capt. Bullock, witli 4l8t, who had been_ order- 
ed down from that post on the arrival of the former. The line was 
formed; Indians on left by side of the mountain; 4:1st Lt. Com- 
pany left of the line; militia next; 49th in centre; militia again on 
the right; 49th Grenadiers led left Companies, the whole forming 
a regular line from the brow of the mountain to the Chippewa 
Road. Capt. Hall's company composed the reserve. Capt. 
Bullock being rather tardy in his operations, the line was order- 
ed to advance a few minutes before he arrived. The States 
troops had possession of the wood, were liko .vise drawn up be- 
hind a fence, in all nearly a thousand men, greater part militia, 
with one field piece; to oppose which, we had nearly seven hun- 
dred men, mostly militia ; likewise a bad position, having to 
march up and dislodge them from the wood and fence, without 
any cover, and suspecting them to have four times our force. 
To counterbalance those evils, our men were under better disci- 
pline; were fighting in defence of their lives and property: and to 
stimulate their courage, knew the issue of this action, though tri- 
fling, would decide the fate of the Upper Country. 

Our first volley threw the enemy into confusion; we pressed on 
without further giving them time to recover, and dislodged them 
from the fence, where they made a vigorous but short resistance. 
At this moment Capt. Bullock arrived on our right, and opened a 
sharp fire on their left. The enemy broke in every direction, and ran 
down the mountain in the greatest possible confusion. Many in 
their panic threw themselves into the river in the hopes of reach- 
ing the opposite shore. Numbers in the attempt found a watery 
grave. The loss in this action to the United States forces was, ac- 
cording to Gen. Van Rensselaer's account, fifteen hundred men. 
Nine hundred and odd prisoners fell into our hands. The mili- 
tia, as usual, were paroled and sent back to their families; the 
regulars to Quebec. 

A cannonading was continued during the greater part of the 
day, between the two forts and batteries at Niagara with lit- 
tle efiect. They burned the Court House early in the clay. The 
activity of tlie inhabitants prevented the destruction of the town 



18 

Capt. Ilolcroft's conduct was conspicuous during the action; he 
advanced to Capt. Hamilton's stone fence with his company, and 
kept up a constant tire on their boats during the action, although 
exposed to the fire of the enemies' long guns from Fort Grey or 
Grey's Battery. Every person did his duty, and is equally enti- 
tled to credit, but I cannot forbear mentioning the exemplary 
conduct of Capt. Samuel Hatt. On the first assembling of the 
militia, he came forward in the subordinate situation of a Cap- 
tain, although one of the first and richest men in the country, 
and showed a most laudable example to his countrymen by par- 
ticipating with them in the dangers, and sharing the fatigues of 
the campaign. 

It would be impossible to describe the enthusiastic joy of our 
young soldiers at the moment of victory; to enter the action 
under an impression, if successful, of being killed or wounded, 
and in fifteen minutes to have all the enemy in our possession that 
were not killed, with the loss of only fifteen or sixteen of our 
comrades, was a most happy and agreeable disappointment. 

In a few moments after this excess of joy was turned to the 
deepest and most sincere sorrow, in reflecting on the irreparable 
loss we had sustained in the person of our much lamented gene- 
ral. The victory was acknowledged to be far too dearly won; his 
remains were taken to Niagara, and on the 5th were interred in 
the Cavalier Bastion at Fort George, together with his aid-de camp 
Lieut. Col. McDonald, who expired the day after the action; the 
two coffins were taken from the Government House, at 11 o'clock 
A. M., and exhibited one of the most grand and solemn proces- 
sions ever witnessed in Canada. The States troops, to their hon- 
or be it said, fired a salute on the occasion. 

^I wish here to pause and take a cursory view of the country 
oil the demise of Gen. Brock. Throu2;h his indefatio;able"Derseve- 
verance and judicious management our small means were exert- 
ed to their utmost. The militia of the country were harrassed as 
little as circumstances would permit. A deputy Commissary 
General arrived. Paper money was issued through a proper 
channel. By means of the lake, of which we had the entire com- 
mand, we were enabled to transport our troops from the different 
posts with little expense and the greatest facility; and had not 
the insidious policy of acting on tlie defensive been adopted by 
the Commander-in-Chief, every military post on both lakes would 
have been destroyed long ere this. 

The Michigan Territory was in our hands. A great number of 
the Western Indians had re-inforced Col. Proctor, who was secure 
from any attack at that time. The enemy had a very small 
force at Sackett's Harbor, and below Kingston. The only part 



19 

we were seriously mennaced on was the Niagara Frontier, which 
the hxte action removed for some time. The Six Nations of In- 
dians at the Grand River were very backward ; in short, would 
not take a part until after the capture of Detroit. A few march- 
ed down after the place was taken with an intention of co-opera- 
ting with the army, and some with Capt. Norton before the at- 
tack. They all appeared at the time very zealous, and we had 
hopes from their late conduct of their aiFording every assistance 
in future. 

The U. States' people applied and obtained an unlimited armi- 
stice the day after the action. Gen. Sheaffe did not take posses- 
sion of Fort Niagara, although the enemy had nearly abandoned 
it on the 13th; each offer to give the other thirty hours notice before 
hostilities were to commence; this only to extend to the Fron- 
tiers, by which means the enemy were allowed to repair their 
works unmolested; collect their forces at any point they chose and 
attack us in any other quarter; to guard against which, the whole 
militia of the country were called out en masse. They obeyed 
cheerfully, but it was of short duration. Knowing their proper 
ty was going to destruction from their absence at this season of 
the year, aud not obtaining ijasses for any short time to see to it, 
most of them retired of their own accord. 

In short, this was the most ruinous policy that ever was or 
could be adopted for the country. The men seeing no prospect 
of an invasion, and not knowing how long the armistice would 
continue, |try, very naturally for them, to judge for themselves. 
The United States forces, profiting by our blunder, repaired their 
works, and made their arrangements for another attack in per- 
fect security, while we were undergoing the same routine of du- 
ty as formerly, and dreading the hour' the armistice was to end, 
As nearly all the militia, excepting the flank companies were ab- 
sent. 

In the latter end of November we were notified at Fort 
Erie that hostilities would recommence at the appointed time. 
As an attack was immediately expected, all was bustle and 
confusion. The militia were again ordered out en masse, and 
the usual activity again prevailing for a vigorous defence. Not 
to appear as unprepcared as we were, a general cannonading was 
to take place along the line. It was continued without intermis- 
sion during the day between Fort George and Niagara with very 
little eflfect on either side. The United States forces endeavored 
again to fire the town with hot shot, but were disappointed by 
the activity of tlie inhabitants. Many houses were injured. _ A 
tannery and brewery were burned near the river. Lieut. Col. Bish- 
op, Inspecting Field Officer Militia, arrived the preceeding month; 
was appointed to command of the right of the line from Chippewa. 



20 

On the evening of the 28tli of November, the enemy landed 
at Fort Erie, on Frenchman's Creek, with about three hundred 
and fifty men, infantry and sailors, under Capt. King; surprised 
and made most of our guard prisoners, and after a short but 
spirited skirmish, succeeded in capturing our batteries; spiked 
the guns, &c. Owing to the unavoidable confusion in repelling 
a night attack from our scattered forces, the militia retired from 
Frenchman's Creek, leaving a few boats tliere unguarded. On 
the morning of the 29th, Major Armaud marched out of Fort 
Erie, made Caj)t. King and thirty-nine men prisoners; the re- 
mainder had marched down to Frenchman's Creek, and recrossed 
in the boats we left unguarded. We had two or three otHcers 
uadly wounded, and lost a few men in this nocturnal visit. Lieut. 
King, Royal Artillery, remained at his gun till mortally wound- 
ed and made prisoner; fired her once or twice after every man 
had left lier. 

The plan of the attack was well arranged by the enemy, and 
as far as Capt. King, aid de camp, to Gen. Smith was concerned, 
most ably and nobly executed. He volunteered to land, capture 
the batteries and keep his posstion till the rest of the army fol- 
lowed. After accomplishing it, and sending back the boats, by 
some mismanagement, they were detained, and he left to his fate. 
On hearing of the attack. Col. Bishopp repaired to the scene with 
the militia from Chippewa; a part arriving at Frenchman's 
Creek at the break of day in time to repel a few boats under Col. 
Winder, who were coming to support their small party. They 
retired on the first volley. Gen. Smith in imitation of Gen. 
Hull, had sent over proclamations offering large rewards for hor- 
ses and Indian accoutrements, (not saying at once scalps,) and 
publicly giving out his intentions of conquering the country; the 
greatest activity prevailed in remounting and getting the guns in 
order for a better reception than the last. 

On the morning of the 30th, the United States Army was col- 
lected on the opposite shore, and embarked in their boats to the 
number of four thousand men. A flag was sent over to demand 
the surrender of Fort Erie, stating their force, and saying resist- 
ance would be useless. By this time we had fx)ur guns ready and 
six or seven hundred men prepared and willing to dispute their 
landing. Col. Bishoj^p returned a very polite message, saying he 
should have the honor of taking it by force of arms, not by ne- 
gotiating. Before the flag reached their own shore, the boats re- 
tired under Squaw Island. A too scrupulous respect for the flag 
prevented our firing on thein. 

At 2 A. M. on the 2d of December, Gen. Smith again embark- 
ed Ids force with an intention of making an attempt before clo- 



21 

sing the carapaigu, fortunately for us, Col. Nicholl happened to 
be going the rounds, mistaking the hour, ordered the revielle to 
be sounded, on hearing which. Gen, Smith imagined we were 
on the alert and ready to receive him, quietly disembarked, and 
o-ave up the idea of taking Canada this year. Gen. Sheaife would 
have abandoned Fort Erie, and made a stand at Chippewa had 
not Col. Bisliopp and all his officers remonstrated warmly against 
it. Had the enemy gained possession of Fort Erie at this period 
it would have been impossible, with our sm.all force to have dis- 
lodged them. Our duty was excessively severe, cold weather, and^ 
lying on our arras every night, being in constant expectation of 
attack till Christmas. 

Seeing no disposition of an attack, the militia were mostly all 
sent home. The flank companies term of service expiring were 
dismissed with the greater part of Capt. Hamilton's Dragoons; a 
short respite were allowed them to indulge the pleasing satisfac- 
tion of having cheerfully done their duty in defence of their 
country. 

Gem Proctor hearing of the approach of the enemy, sent Capt. 
Muir with a few regulars and a body of Indians to attack Fort 
Wayne, on the Miami River. On their arrival near the place his 
scouts fell in with Gen. Winchester's camp. His force being too 
small to make an attack, he made a precipitate retreat, destroy- 
ing all his amunition, &c., &c. Gen. Winchester taking courage 
ai his retiring, moved on to the Rapids; and after Gen. Harrison 
arriving proceeded on to the River Raisin, after repelling a few 
militia and Indians, who defended themselves in the most gal- 
lant manner, and stockaded himself in a very advantageous po- 
sition. Gen. Proctor left Amherstburgh ; advanced quietly and 
attacked them at 3 A. M. on the 22d of February. They de- 
fended themselves with great gallantry until their general was 
taken, and five hundred killed and wounded; when the remain- 
ing six hundred surrendered under Col. Lewis, and were sent to 
Fort George, and parolled to their own country, excepting Gen. 
Winchester, Col. Lewis, Major Madison, and a few others. 

I regret to say that some unavoidable cruelty occurred after 
this action. Our army fearing the approach .of Gen. Harrison, 
retreated immediately to Amherstburgh. Some of the wounded 
were left in the house near the action. The Indians getting 
drunk, most inhumanly and brutally massacred them in cold 
blood; although the officers of the department exerted them- 
selves in an extraordinary manner to prevent it. This circum- 
stance has been very much exaggerated by the enemy; but a 
very few suffered, and those from being unable to proceed. This 
is the first instance, and I am shocked to relate it of deliberate 



22 

murder by our Indians. The only thing that will in the least ex- 
tenuate it, is the conduct of some of the Kentucky riflemen, who 
were nearly as savage as the natives. In this action an office ren- 
deavored to murder Capt. Caldwell, after he had preserved him 
from the Indians. Tliis was the last efibrt of the enemy on our 
right. Gen. Harrison retired up the Miami, and built Fort 
Meigs. 

Hitherto we had the undisputed possession of the lakes and re- 
mained in the most supine security not dreaming of a rival on 
that element; but we may observe as a general maxim, the great- 
er the power, the less vigor and energy displayed, Onr navy 
was placed under the command of Capt. Earl on Lake Ontario, 
and very much neglected. The enemy observing the advantages 
we derived from it, under the command of a most vigilant officer 
Commodore Chancey; built a new vessel, and refitted the small 
craft with the greater assiduity. In the latter end of .TTovember 
they appeared oif, and attacked the Koyal George in the harbor of 
Kingston; owing to the lateness of the season they dreamed of 
JQO adversary from their superiority. 

Thus ends the campaign of 1812, most fortunate and glorious 
for our arms, and most destructive to those of the enemy; our 
own mismanagement or blunders turned out to our ultimate ad- 
vantage. Col. St. George's ill behavior at Sandwich was the 
cause of Gen. Brock going up in person, consequently the means 
of taking the army which otherwise would certainly have the up- 
per country. Sir George Provost was on the point of withdraw- 
ing the troops to Kingston, thinking it impossible to defend so 
large a frontier. At Queenston, had we repelled them in the 
morning their army would not have been captured later in the 
day; and they probably would have succeeded in the last attack, 
as our force was so very weak. We had two regular artillery offi- 
cers and jjart of a company to oppose three or four regiments of 
the enemy. Our inferiority of force was sensibly felt. 

The greatest misfortune we experienced was in deaths. A 
very great number of the militia owing to the ^hard service, 
change of diet, &c,, &c., were carried off very suddenly. We 
had long to regret the loss of Col. Butler, 4:th regiment, Lincoln 
Militia, and his brother, who diedNovember. 

During this quiet interval, evei'y preparation was making for 
the next campaign, our small means would admit of. The 'Com- 
mander-inChief visited the frontier, and authorized the raising of 
one or two regiments of militia, to be incorporated to serve during 
the war, under martial law. 

The former was given to me; the latter to Capt. Swazy, who 
for his zeal and long services justly deserved it. A few captains 



23 

got their complement; the forces of militia, drivers, and dragoons 
were c ompleted by the 25th of March. Capt. C. artillery some 
time after ; my quota was completed in a fortnight after receiving 
my recruiting orders, although I had to encounter many jealous- 
ies and difficulties. "Were all excellent men, but badly mounted 
and appointed. The President, Gen. Sheaffe, removed his head- 
quarters to York. Gen. Yincent commanded the centre on Niag 
ara Frontier : we were reinforced with the whole of the 49th 
greiment at the latter end of last campaign. Part of the Glen Lt. 
infantry, two companies Royal Newfoundland, and part of the 
Kings' arrived in the beginning of April. No larger force could 
be spared from below. 



CHAPTER III, 



APPOINTED TO RAISE A TROOP. 

On the 25th of February, 1813, I retired from the service with 
a strong desire never to re-enter it. I had some thoughts of ma- 
king proposals to raise a troop of Provincial Dragoons to serve 
during the war, as many of the men wished to join me. Major 
Gl egg. Gen. Brock's aid de camp, appeared to be particularly anx- 
ious, promising to get me recruiting orders immediately; however 
as soon as he found my father and Capt. Hamilton had offered, 
he cut me, he wishing me to serve as a Lieutenant which I posi- 
tively refused. My father was the best courtier of the three; got 
the troop, at least was to have it, after he raised it which was un- 
der very disadvantageous terms. Neither Capt. Hamilton nor 
myself were anxious to get it, when we found the other had an 
idea of it. I went quietly home; entered into a contract for tim- 
ber, &c. Made more money in a week than 1 had during the 
war; was preparing to go down early to Montreal and bring up 
goods. After receiving the letter in September last had more con- 
fidence; was quite in high spirits, in fact; I had made a peace, 
the ensuing spring in my own warm imagination; however, the 
pleasing dream was of short duration. 

My father having undertaken it, and not getting on in the re- 
cruiting way as fast as he was led to believe, finding the fatigue 
and trouble more than he could well bear, got completely tired 
of it. Gen. Vincent, then commanding, selected me to raise a 
troop, as a corps of that description -was very much wanted. Ac- 



24 

cordiugly, on the lltli of March I was sent for, and finding it 
impossible to remain at home and attend to any business whatev- 
er when the countrj was in danger of an invasion, I accepted of 
the appointment. My father which was more proper going home 
in my place. I was, as usnal, promised every encouragement 
and assistance from every officer in command. The arrangement 
was previously agreed to by my father much against my will. 
The men had to find their own horses; very small bounty and 
pay, only fifteen pence for man and horse. The men to be regu- 
larly enlisted to serve during the war and subject to corporal pun- 
ishment. At the same time shore was a corps of Royal Artillery 
Drivers raising. A company of incorporated artillery, and three 
regiments of incorporated militia, all on much inore favorable 
terms than the dragoons. I was determined, however, to perse- 
vere if possible, since I had undertaken it. Mr. Ingersoll had 
been promised a Lieutenancy by my father; of course, he confin- 
ed. I promised my friend, Mr. McKenney a coronetcy; he was 
a private in the militia dragoons at the commencement of the 
war; he was with me during the last campaign, scarcely a day 
off duty. By his merit ha was appointed gradually to the rank^of 
Quartermaster, I sent him to Fort Erie. Lieut. Ingersoll to 
York, and Sergeants in different parts of the country, and I re- 
mained in Niagara and its vicinity. ' The first week to my great 
astonishment, passed twenty-five men ; I was under the necessity 
of purchasing horses, &c. "Was put to a very great expense. 
"When my General and others found I was thus getting on so well 
they threw every obstacle in my way. I had -i or 5 men taken 
away and placed into other corps, the officers of which all con- 
spired against me; they were jealous of so young a man getting the 
command of a separate corps, by which means I doubled my ex- 
ertions; likewise my friend, Lieut. Barnard, Staff Adjutant to 
Col. Bishopp, enlisted two or three men for me himself and did 
everything in his power to assist me; likewise Capt. Hamilton 
and many others. My men came in so fast the General thought 
it was very easy getting them, and made many objections in pas- 
sing them, particularly the horses, which certainly were not of the 
best. It was very difficult getting young men to enlist as private 
soldiers who were able to keep a horse. I conceived myself so 
ill used by certain officers, I was on the point of giving it up, af- 
ter nearly completing my complement. The men hearing it 
came to me, represented the situation they were in so forcibly, it 
was impossible to leave them. On the 31st, my different part- 
ners came in. On the 26th I completed the complement of two 
subalterns, Serg. Major, three Sergeans, two Corporals, Trumpeter 
and forty men, all fine, stout, able-bodied fellows. Was very 



25 

much indebted to the exertions of Cornet McKenney in raising 
them. Most of the otter corps fell through, Gordon and my 
sister remained in Niagara. I stopped with them. The appoint- 
ments promised for the troop not arriving, they were in a sad 
condition. My attention was entirely taken up in drilling and 
getting them in order. I was flattered with an idea of keeping 
them together and having an opportunity of their distinguishing 
themselves. They were no sooner mounted than they were dis- 
p«rsed over the country in different directions. I meant to do 
my duty, but gave up all hopes of doing anything with them. 
They were made post boys and orderlies, and to the very Gene- 
ral who hindered their formation. 

PREPAKATIONS FOR OPENING THE CAMPAIGN. 

The enemy showed every demonstration of an attack on the 
Niagara Frontier. They were building a large vessel at Kings- 
ton, another was laid down at York, by which proceeding, York 
being taken, we lost her. 

Sir James L. Yeo arrived early in the season, with a chosen 
body of seamen to take command of the Lake; during this time 
the enemy were not idle. They built and got the decided superi- 
ority on Lake Ontario. To open the campaign a large force had 
collected at Fort Niagara and Buffalo. Another at Sackett's 
Harbor, under Major Gen. Dearborn, which obliged us to keep a 
large force at Kingston for its protection as that, we imagined 
would be the first point of attack. 

Seeing such vigor in the enemy we were obliged to redouble 
our efforts. The ice went off early in April. Part of the militia 
were called out. Posts were established along the Lake to Bur- 
lington. A respectable force kept at Fort Erie under Col. Bissell. 
A partial cannonading took place there on St. Patrick's Day 
17th March; very little damage done on either side. 

On the 27th of April, the State's troops opened the campaign 
in earnest by attacking and capturing York. Our force was very 
small at that post; fortifications not worth mentioning. The en- 
emy landed on the right of the garrison in a wood. Were op- 
posed by a few militia and a grenadier company, Kings, who 
held the ground till their Captain and every man was killed or 
wounded, except fifteen or twenty men out of one hundred and 
twelve. They were the first company in Canada. Gen. Shaw of 
militia was sent with a few of Newfoundland and Glengaries. 
Did not get into the action. After blowing up the magazine, 
(which killed a number of the enemy,) Gen. Shaw retired towards 
Kingston, leaving the town to make the best terms they could: 



26 

Mostly all the militia were paroled. We lost a great quantity of 
stores, (fee, with our new ship, which would have given us a de- 
cided superiority on the Lakes. 

We were kept in tiie most disagreeable suspense at Fort George 
till the 30th, when we learnt the fate of the place. We imagin- 
ed the explosion was one of their vessels; supposed they were 
diiven off. This fatal intelligence dampened all our hopes. We 
expected they would fortify and keep possession of it, and 
cut off all our supplies 

After the capture of York, I was sent to bring down the boats 
at Burlington. I performed this service so quick that Generals 
Vincent and Harvey whom I conceived to be the most captious, 
took me by the hand — thanked me for the service I had perform- 
ed — praised my zeal, &c., &c. Appearances after this changed; 
the former ever after proved my best friend; he was really and 
truly a good man. I was made a volunteer aid to Col. Harvey. 
The boats from Burlington were all brought to Fort George, mili- 
tia called out and a most vigilant lookout kept in all quarters. 
On the 2d or 3d, we were surprised to see the enemy's fleet ap- 
pearing off Niagara. Alarm guns were fired; all the troops and 
militia lying on their arms all night. After burning the Parlia- 
ment, and every house or building in the shape of government 
or public they had evacuated the capital. 

I had the pleasure of riding every night up and down the riv- 
er with Col. Harvey. We found the dragoons now of service. 
There was a patrol every night up to Queenstown and back. Our 
horses were getting better, and the men received every encour- 
agement they needed, as it was impossible for the duty to be 
more severe. Some men were actually on picquet twelve to four- 
teen hours following. I had the cropped ear mare on trial for 
the sake of the former owner and had the greater regard for her. 
Many false alarms took place. 

On the morning of the 25th, they commenced cannonading; 
burnt the barracks, &c., in Fort George, evidently their next point 
of attack. Every precaution was taken to prevent a surprise and 
repel an attack. Arrangements were made judiciously; unhap- 
pily our force was not equal to it. The right from Fort George 
to Brown's Point, just below Yroman's, was under the command 
of Col. Harvey; left from Fort George to Four Mile Creek, now 
Laurensville, which is on the right, or Swamp Koad, under Col. 
Myers. The centre or reserve, under Gen. Vincent. In rear of 
Fort George in different ravines, two companies, 41st and one of 
49th and two of Newfoundland, were stationed on the right — 
King's and militia on left. Either to be supported as occasion 
might require by 49th Glengaries and militia on reserve. It was 



27 

impossible for the duty to have been more severe than at this pe- 
riod. 



TAKING NIAGARA, THE FORMEE CAPITOL. 

On the 27th, at 4 A. M., they were discovered approaching us 
under a thick heavy fog, off the Four Mile Creek, outside in a 
number of boats, and leave in three brigades, covered by their 
shipping and Fort Niagara. Our left division was ordered back 
in a ravine, as the enemy completely infiladaded the plain and 
shore with shot and shells from the fleet and fort. I was sent up 
to rendezvous as the greater part of A. D. C. Harvey's Division 
was on the right. The fog was so very heavy, we could not dis- 
cover their movements on the opposite side. The General was 
apprehensive they meditated an attack likewise on our right, b3' 
which means only the grenadier company, Newfoundland, was 
brought into action. Of the right division, three companies Glen- 
garies, two militia companies, 6th Newfoundland were posted in 
advance to oppose the landing of the United States forces. 

At 9 o'clock, they commenced landing at Crookston. The Ma- 
jor of our advance was killed. They were supported by the 
King's who suffered nearly as much, as the enemy had gained 
the bank on their approach. They were compelled to fall back 
on the reserve, which were posted in Gordon's Ravine. I was 
sent for the 49th, which was formed in the centre, our whole 
force not exceeding eight hundred men; we remained marching 
and counter-marching, retreating and advancing, till the enemy 
had advanced nearly within musket shot, when a retreat was or- 
dered. The 24th Provincial Battery was left by its officer after 
firing one shot, by which means we were totally unable to annoy 
them. We formed again at the barracks, near the Council House 
when I was sent to order down the light company of the King's, 
who, we understood, were at the Eight Mile Creek. 

On my way, I passed by old Mr. Butler's, Ball's and Servis'; 
at all those places, the ladies and non-combatants of the town 
had retired, likewise all the wounded that could get away; it was 
really painful to see, and hear the distress of the women. I 
was stopped every few moments to satisfy their inquiries as to 
the safety of some husband, father, brother or son; the women 
had collected in groups, in every public place tlirough the coun- 
try. 

In passing Shipman's at 12 Mile Creek, I quieted the fears of 
those for whom I had the greatest regard, I did not meet the 



28 

boats till I arrived at the 20 Mile Creek; although I had to an- 
swer many questions to the different people who stopped me. 1 
was onlj one hour and a half going from Fort George to the 20 
Mile Creek. 

After finding where the boats were, I returned to Shipman's, 
where I received a message to go to De Cews, to which place our ar- 
my had returned ; directly after my leaving, the enemy advanced ; 
Gen. Vincent, knowing Fort George not to be tenable, and his 
force too small to risk an action, retired by the way of Queenston. 
Gordon was in the Fort, and had barely time to get out, when the 
State's troops entered. Cornet McKenney set fire to the stores, 
though he did not succeed in burnins' them. 



KETKEAT CONTINUED UP TO BUELINGTON — DRAGOONS NEXT TO EN- 
EMY. 



Col. Bishopp from Fort Erie was ordered to join us at De Cews 
with the men on the frontier, after destroying the stores. Next 
morning. May 28th, we w^ere joined by all the militia of the 
country, who expected, now that our force was concentrated, that 
we would give them battle, aud prevent their j)enetrating into 
the country; to our great surprise and annoyance an order was 
issued for all the wagons to be impressed, and the army to re- 
treat to the 40 Mile Creek. As many of the militia as chose to 
follow might, the rest were at liberty to return to their families. 
I strongly suspected from the indifferent manner in which the 
militia were treated that part of the Upper Province was to be 
abandoned, which opinion was entertained by most people. A 
great many went home, but the greater part went on to the 40 
Mile Creek, trusting a stand w^ould be made there. 

I felt in a sad dilemma. The thought of abandoning the 
country, and leaving everything that was near and dear to me, 
was most distressing, still more so, the ujihappy situation of my 
family, whom we left totally unprotected. My father knowing 
the insults he would be subject to if he remained, determined to 
follow the army. 

1 or me there was no alternative, or I would certainly have re- 
mained behind to protect my mother and sisters. In the after- 
noon I went home to get the remainder of my kit, as most of my 
things had been taken by the enemy at Fort George. A sad and 
distressing scene, I witnessed on my arrival. Mrs. Adams and 
family had heard of Mr. Adams being killed and were in des- 
pair; every other family, in parting with their relatives, gave 



29 

them over as lost. This neighborhood, retreated with the army 
almost to a man; in the evening I took leave and followed on, 
and overtook Gen. Yincent at the 40 Mile Creek, where I learn- 
ed we were to retreat on to Burlington Heights. 

The militia had no encouragement to follow, as they were giv- 
en to understand the army would not stop until they arrived at 
Kingston. 

Early in the morning of the 29th, I was sent out to reconnoitre 
and find out how far the enemy had advanced. Sending my 
horses to the rear I pressed others to go on, having a party of ten 
men. On my arrival at 12 Mile Creek, I found some of the ene- 
my had proceeded to De Cows, with 40 to 50 horsemen. 

At Shipman's I found that the enemy had not advanced with 
any large force; I returned to the 20 Mile Creek and sent a f«w 
men on in advance; I went home by the Lake road, where I had 
the satisfaction to find that Mr. Adams was not killed but wound- 
ed, and was in a fair way of recovery: I persuaded my father to 
return home and take care of the family. I remained till mid- 
night, and then took leave, returning to the 40 Mile Creek; I re- 
ceived an order to remain there with a few militia men and ray 
dragoons, until we were driven away by the enemy who had 
pushed forward precipitately. A flag of truce came up; Major 
Pickney, Captains Armstrong and Furguson detained them for a 
time; as soon as they left, 1 received intelligence of the enemy's 
approach. 

My videttes were driven in from the 20 Mile Creek early in the 
morning; in the afternoon, the enemy advanced within three 
miles of me, A party of twenty or thirty horsemen came on to 
the 40 Mile Creek, which obliged me to retire on our advance to 
Stoney Creek; by this time I was completely knocked up; so 
were both men and horses, having been deprived of sleep and 
rest for six or eio'ht davs. 

On my joining the main body at Burlington, a reliet was sent 
in my place, taking up my quarters at Barton to recruit; my sis- 
ter Mrs. Gordon came up and joined the army with her husband. 
It was a seasonable reinforcement for me, as I was generally pro- 
vided with good quarters when she was present. 

The enemy kept pressing on; on the 5th and 6th of June, they 
drove in our picquets as far as Aikman's; on the 6th I dined with 
Gordon, who was stationed at Dundas. After returning to my 
quarters, I was ordered to fall in with the main body atBarnards; 
here the troops were formed in order of battle, expecting the ene- 
my every moment. Col. Harvey and Cornet McKenney went 
on in advance as far as Davis'; made one or two prisoners and 



30 

found the enemy encamped at Stoney Creek. They had also a 
party of 1^00 on the Lake Shore. 



BATTLE OF STOKT GREEK. 



Mr. George, an Ensign in the militia, suggested an attack on 
them in the camp. Ensign McKinney suggested the same and 
claims the priority. Col. Harvey approved of the plan, and 
on his return from reconnoitering, proposed it to Gen. Yincent, 
who after a little deliberation carried it into effect; most of the 
officers were lying on the grass, some of whom were fast asleep, 
myself among the number. 

The order came to move forward; we had to march six miles 
before we came up to their picquets; our force consisted of 500 
men with one field piece in the rear, which was of no manner of 
use. 

All my hopes depended upon this bold enterprise, for had we 
not attacked them, they would have advanced the next morning, 
and in all probability, we should have retired without risking an 
action, as our force was not one-third of theirs; Proctor and the 
whole Upper Country would have fallen. 

On our arrival at Davis', we heard a report of a gun from 
their picquet: the detachment halted, formed into sections, and 
the loading drawn from each gun. The light companies of the 
49th Kings were in advance. Gen. Yincent and staff, at the 
head of the column in their rear. 

I was attached to him for the night. The enemy were encamp- 
ed on Gage's fields in a very advantageous position; 2,000 men 
on the hill to the right of the road; 500 in a lane on the left, in 
advance of their artillery, which was situated on a hill directly 
in front of the road that our troops must come; their picquets 
nearly half a mile in advance in the woods. These we made 
prisoners, without giving alarm. On our entering the clearing, 
we were fired on by the second picquet, who were more alert. 
The 500 on our left, were the first that were discovered. 

Gen. Yincent ordered a charge immediately; our men set up a 
tremendous shout, which contiimed along the whole line, and was 
the cause of throwing the enemy into the greatest disorder and 
confusion imaginable. Our two light companies of the 49th 
routed the 500 before the main body had time to come up. Cor- 
net George was by my side, and told me the fight was over and 
the victory ours; I happened to cast my eye around and discov- 
ered the fires of the main body which I shewed him. Col. Har- 



31 

vej and the officers were using everj exertion, to get the men 
formed, when the enemy opened a most tremendous fire on us 
from the hill; likewise opened from their guns. 

Our men were dispersed in every direction, and had not Col. 
Penderleth charged and captured their guns, with thirty men, we 
should have been completely defeated; I never heard so rapid a 
discharge of musketry; the hill was a continual sheet of fire; 
however, after capturing their artillery, and both their Generals, 
they thought proper to retire off the field. 

At the appearance of day light, we followed their example, 
fearing when they discovered our force, they would renew the at- 
tack. After we left the field, Col. Harvey desired me to return 
and if possible find Major General Vincent, supposed to be ei- 
ther dead or wounded; whilst I was looking over the dead and 
wounded, not thinking of the enemy, 1 was challenged by a sen- 
try under old Gage's house. I was on the point of surrendering, 
as ray pistols were both in my holsters, when I adopted the strat- 
agem of enquiring " who placed him there?" and rode up to him; 
he, by my blue military coat, took me for one of his own party 
and answered his Captain who had just gone into the house with 
a party of men. 

I then enquired, if he had found the British General, and pull- 
ed out my pistol, which made him drop his gun. At that mo- 
ment a man without any gun ran down the hill; I called him; he 
came — when I had the good fortune to secure both and bring 
them off; by my dress, they took me for one of their own officers; 
that stratagem had succeeded once before, or I should not have 
thought of it. 



AEMY KETUKN — DBAGOONS IN ADVANCE, 



The enemy retreated early in the morning of the 7th; when 
the Indians discovered it, they came on in droves. The fleet, 
likewise, made its appearance which was a very fortunate circum- 
stance for us. The militia raised en masse made a number of 
prisoners. The States troops had already given tbera a sample 
of their policy, by countenancing traitors, and making prisoners 
of the most respectable inhabitants. 

I was rejoiced to get back as far as the 12 Mile Creek, near my 
home. I volunteered to keep on the advance till the army came 
down, which I found to be a very unpleasant situation. Our- 
outposts were at the 20 Mile Creek. 

The enemy kept very close in their entrenchments until the 



32 

10th. Hearing of my being in the neighborhood with only ten 
men, they sent a party to make us prisoners. On that evening I 
heard by a man who came out of their camp, that one hundred 
riflemen and a party of horse, were under orders for the 12 Mile 
Creek. I remained the night before at Butler's, rode up to Ship- 
man's; fell in with Captains Norton and Kerr with about thirty 
Indians. 

We laid in ambush for them in the Pine Woods, and would 
have succeeded in routing them, had it not been for bad man- 
agement. I took the precaution to send the dragoons ahead in 
different roads to prevent the enemy coming upon us by surprise. 
They were to decoy them on until they led them to the ambush 
where the Indians lay; as they were not expected until the eve- 
ning, Capt. Kerr and myself went to old Dittrick's to take some 
refreshment. Capt. Norton followed with all the Indians; I like- 
wise had recalled the dragoon from the middle road, and sent him 
to 10 Mile Creek where there was one already placed. On 
hearing which I returned immediately, and was galloping up the 
hill, when I heard the State's bugle sound a halt; in another min- 
ute would have been among them; I had merely time to wheel 
my horse and ride over the creek, when a party advanced to the 
bridge. 

The enemy had unfortunately come up the road where there 
was no lookout, and made the dragoon prisoner stationed at Sbipr 
man's, likewise one on the Lake Road, and one on the 10 Mile 
Creek. The two latter were riding back to the very ambush, 
where they had left the Indians, which the State's troops had ta- 
ken possession of. 

They hailed; one answered a dragoon, thinking they were his 
own party, when they fired; he returned two shots and surrender- 
ed; his companion took to the woods and escaped. On my re- 
turn to Dittrick's, Captain Norton was to go round and attack 
them in the rear. 

I was to keep a sharp lookout in front; after hearing a dis- 
charge, I was to advance and meet them; I went on to Hairier's 
Hill, and sent an old woman over to reconnoitre and ascertain 
their number. She was detained; but by an excellent stratagem 
she got released; she told me their situation, and there I was 
anxiously waiting at my post until 3 o'clock in the morning with- 
out hearing the signal shot. I returned to Dittrick's and found 
part of the Indians, whom I had left there. Capt. Norton was 
off; nobody knew where, with the remainder. I returned to the 
20 Mile Creek, to give Major Dennis the necessary information. 
I found him in full retreat from Henry's, as Captain Norton had 
gone up and reported the enemy were advancing in strong force. 



They came to Shipman's — made my three men prisoners — "but 
could gain no information of rae, or anything material. They 
searched Chisholm's, went round to my lather's — searched there — 
and after frightening the women returned to Fort George. 

Mr. Tolman was their guide. I sent a man to my fathers the 
same night, who told him they behaved very well wherever they 
stopped to search. On the 11th of June, I returned to mv old 
station, shifting about every few hours. On the 12th, earlj'- in 
the morning, I had been out on the different roads, but could 
gain no information of importance; returned to Sliipman's at 12 
Mile Creek, and went on over to Dittrick's with four or five men 
to get a sleep, as we were all up the night before. 

I left a man on Hainer's Hill, who was to ride down across the 
meadow by the barn, if anything transpired so as to give us 
timely warning. 

I sent another man to DeCoos, being apprehensive, they would 
come round about that way and surprise us. We were joined by 
Hainer, Clendenning, and a few of the inhabitants who were very 
active. Our horses were in the barn feeding and we sleeping by 
their sides. One man on the lookout. About 3 o'clock he dis- 
covered about thirty of the enemy's cavalry at the heels of my 
dragoon, who saved us by his prudent management. 

On his discovering them, he rode down the hill, found the barn 
fence up; returned to the place he left, by which time they were 
in gunshot. On their rising the hill, they gave him the start — 
halted — hallooed, and faced about, which was the means of their 
bringing up — thinking there was a party in the rear; this o-ave 
ns time to mount and be off. 

He then took up the mill road, which drew their attention 
from Dittrick's. I crossed the creek by Gamble's, and went up 
to Brown's, where we were within five minutes of falling in with 
the party from DeCoos. As I suspected — they had sent two 
parties, who were to meet at Shipman's, thinking all within that 
compass was their own, taking the road by Beamer's and Dow's. 
They had already possession of the other road, as far as the 15 
Mile Creek. We fell in with one of their scouts, who took us for 
United State's troops, and gave us every information of our own 
army. He was rather surprised, at my making him a prisoner, 
and sending him to our main body at Burlington. On the 16th, 
Fitzgibbon came down with his party. Our advance pushed on 
to the 10 Mile Creek, which gave my men very great relief, as it 
was too confined for the troop betv,'een the two armies, no field 
to act on, the mountain, where Fitzgibbon remained with his par- 
ty, was the only desirable ground. Cornet McKenuey was at- 
tached to him with a few Dragoons. 



I 84 

The service bad been so very severe prior to this, that our horses 
were completely used up. Captain Hall arrived with a party of 
19th D]-agoons, which were likewise a very great relief. Colonel 
Bishopp commanded the advance — head quarters at the 20 Mile 
Creek. Major Dellearn was at tlie 10 Mile Creek with 200 of 
the 104th, and 300 Indians, principally Coughnewagas, who had 
arrived from their settlement near La Chine, in Lower Canada. He 
left a strong picquet on the lake shore road, his right being atTur- 
ney's Cross lioad, near the German meeting house. Fitzgibbon's 
head quarters were at DeCoos, on the mountain, although he was 
always on the move, and never sleeping twice in the same place. 

The Dragoons kept patrolling from the German meeting house 
to the lake. Circumstances tliat had ever been fresh in my 
memory were the means of giving me a perfect knowledge of ev- 
ery by-road in that part of the country, which proved of the 
greatest service to me on many occasions. On the 19th, Fitzgib- 
bon heard of Chapin's party being on the way to Chippewa from 
Fort George. 

On the 21st in the afternoon, young Barnard, Staff Adjutant to 
Col. Bishopp, Fitzgibbon, McKenney, Cummings, and myself, 
with one Dragoon, were sent to the Sugar Loaf, or rather Point 
Abino, for Mr. Tice Horn, as information had been lodged against 
him for giving information to the enemy. The enemy were then 
in possession of Fort Erie and all the country about Chippewa. 
We arrived at the mouth of Lundy's Lane at 9 o'clock in the 
evening, and were near being fired on by a party of the in- 
habitants, who were skulking away fi-om the enemy. Chapin 
had passed down tliat way an hour before. We were therefore 
apprehensive of meeting him and his party on our return. It 
commenced raining, and continued so all nio-ht. At 2 in the 
morning we arrived at Horn'p, surrounded the house, made him 
and one of Chapin's party prisoners. We could with difficulty 
mount or dismount our horses, the night was so cold, with the 
rain, we were all completely chilled through. We returned to 
the 12 Mile Creek by 9 o'clock the next morning, liaving executed 
our mission. I went to the 40 Mile Creek that same eveninf; to 
make out our muster roll against the 24th. I always remained 
at Mrs. Lewis's at the 40 Mile Creek, as the Kellis fanjily were 
crowded with every officer that could find accommodation. Capt. 
Hall M-as sent on with a part of his own any ray men to DeCoos. 
I had a good rest for two daj's, v/hich was very desii-able, as 1 
not two nights regulai- sleep since ihe Gth inst. 

On the 24th Col, Boastlar came out to endeavor to take Fitz- 
gibbon. He had about 600 men, including Chapin's party; suf- 
fice it here to say, that he got caught in the trap he intended for 



35 

the other; bnt 6 men escaped, Totman was one. At 11 o'clock 
we heard of the eneray advancing. I was ordered on with my 
party to reinforce the advance; on our arrival at the 20 Mile 
Creek, I had the satisfaction of hearing that the detachment were 
all made prisoners. I got down in time to form an escort to take 
them on to the 20 Mile Creek. Early next morning we were all 
sent to DeCoos, and patroled from thence to the lake. Nothing 
material occurred for a few days, but slight skirmishing on the 
Swamp Road. 

Capt. Narton, who commanded the Indians, humorously obser- 
ved on the battle of Beaver Dam, ''the Cognauaga Indians fought 
the battle, the Mohawks got the plunder, and Fitzgibbon got the 
credit." 

There evidentl}'' was some jealousy between the Cognauogas 
and the Six Nations Indians, for the greater part of the former 
returned home to the Lower Province a few days after the suc- 
cessful battle, which was a great loss to our cause. Gen. Vincent 
moved on the army to the 12 Mile Creek, (now St. Catharines,) 
taking up his head quarters at Squire Adams's homestead. On 
the 29th we were sadly alarm.ed at DeCoos by a report from the 
Doctor that the wliole States' army was advancing by Queenston 
and Chippewa Roads. We were all draAvn up under the com- 
mand of Col. Dennis of the 49th, in order of battle, expecting 
them on momentarily. I was sent ahead to reconnoitre, with a 
few nien; the report had spread to eveiy house; the people were 
all at their doors looking for tliem, each saying they were at their 
neighbor's house. After feeling my way as far as Kilnian's along 
by-roads, a fellow told me they were at McCartey's, for he liad 
seen them. After cautiously approfiching the the house through 
the woods, I found they had not been there; 1 kept on to Knox's, 
when I heard they were at the village of Saint Davids, crossed 
over to Smith's — ibund they had not left their entrenchments. 
On 1st July our advance was pushed on to St. Davids. 

On the same day, or rather evening, I was sent to Fort Erie to 
bring dcwn Mr, Hardison, who was accused of adhering to the 
enemy. I arrived at "Wintermute's at dark, and found a party of 
the enemy were at the Ferry. As I liad but three men, I was 
under the necessity of avoiding them. I got round by the woods, 
made Hardison prisoner, and returned by the same route. I got 
lost and had a deal of trouble in getting back, as my guide, whom 
I liad placed as sentry, had run away on discovering a man or 
two, and hearing a shot. I rode all night, and retm-ned to De- 
Coos at nine in the morning, I took a nap^ and in the afternoon 
went over to the 12 Mile Creek, where Mr. Hardison, whom I had 
brought prisoner, was liberated. Here I was presented to Major- 



36 

General DeRotten burgh, who had arrived to take tlie command 
of tlie army, as well as being President of the Province. He 
brought with him a very great name, so that we expected he 
would do wonders — in fact, he did nothing. 

On the 3d was my birth day, of my twentieth year. My kind 
mother liad provided aa excellent dinner for me and a lew friends. 

I was sent with a flag of truce, in company with Major Fulton. 
Our advance pickets on the lake road were at the Eight Mile 
Creek. Near the Two Mile Creek we were met by Major Forsyth 
and his Riflemen. lie abused us in a most scurrilous manner, 
made us prisoners, and marched us into their pickets at Secord's, 
where we remained for two or three hours on horseback, although 
the family wished to pay us every attention in tlieir power. 

Major Fulton insisted upon giving up liis sword, and remain- 
ing a prisoner, but they would not receive it. He called an ofiicer, 
and begged him to notice what had passed. 

We were liberated, and returned and dined with the Rev. Mr. 
Addison, at his house on the Lake Shore. We sat with hiui till 
near night, when we galloped back to the Twelve Mile Creek and 
made our report to General de Rottenburg, who forwarded it to 
General Dearborn, at the same time saying, unless Major Forsyth's 
conduct was taken n5tlce of, there would be an end to all com- 
munication between the two armies. 

The flag was sent in by one of my corporals ; an answer was 
gent back in a few days, saying he had been dismissed the service 
for some time. Major Forsytli was sliot at Odell Town, in 
Lower Canada, by a skirmishing party. 

On the 5th, one liundred and forty Indians from the west came 
down, under the command of Captain Elliott Blachbird's party 
of Ottawas. The Indians with us saluted them on tJieir arrival 
in high state. 

SKIKMISH WITH INDIANS ON EXPEDITION FOR RECOVEKY OF MEDICINE. 

On the 6th I was sent down to discover whether the medicine 
that was deposited at Cassel Chorus', near Niagara, remained safe. 
I went by the way of St. David's ; Captain Hamilton, Jarvis, 
McKenny and Ball joined me. We converted it into a party of 
pleasure, instead of danger, taking it b}^ turns to reconnoitre and 
find out the coast was clear. A small party of States troops had 
just returned from Mrs. Fray's, at the cross roads ; we took our 
dinner there and went on to Choruses — found all safe. The 
States picket was at the end of the lane ; we made a dash up 
to it, as if with the intention of charging them ; they ran before 



37 

we came within gunshot. They had detained two women, Mrs. 
Cain and her daughter, who came off in a very great fright, fear- 
ing they might be re-taken. Hamilton and McKenny took them 
up behind them and galloped off. A few minutes after, out came 
two or three hundred dragoons and infantry, wlien we make off. 
Tiiey plundered the farms" within their reach, and then went back. 
WeVent round the Lake Road, and spent tlie afternoon witli the 
ladies ?t Mrs. JMcXabb's. Miss Symington. Crooks, and most of 
the ladies had rendezvoued there — returned to the 12 Mile Creek 
in the evening. 

Next day the Indians were sent to the 10 Mile Creek, witli 
directions to move under Captain Norton's orders. At 2 o'clock 
next morning, Sth of July, they were to place themselves inthe 
woods fronting Ball's, in order to cover me in getting off the 
medicine, having received orders that night to accomplish it, if 
possible, as it was of the utmost importance to the army at this 
time. At the dawn of day, I went down to the 10 Mile Creek. 
No person knew of Indians advancing ; no waggon provided : 
every thing in the greatest confusion. I got a detachment of 
King's Regiment, went on the Swamp Road, and sent the waggon 
by Saint David's. We did not reach the spot till near 8 o'clock. 
Had the medicine chest dug up, loaded and sent off, before I 
learnt Norton was in the advance — sent the soldiers back with 
the waggon. 

Lieutenant Collis, of the King's, the subaltern and myself went 
over to Squire P. Ball's, and pirtook of an excellent breakfast 
with the ladies, and then went out to the main road to find Mr. 
Norton. The instant we arrived, the scouting part}' had com- 
menced skirmishing. Collis returned to his men. Mr. John Ball 
and myself were the only whites present, except John Law, a boy 13 
years of age, whose father was made prisoner dangerously wounded 
on the 27th of May at Fort George. His elder brother was killed 
in the same action ; seven balls passed through him. This little 
fellow was determined to revenge the loss his family had sustained, 
and would not be persuaded to leave the field, till his mother, 
after the fight was nearly over, came out and took him away in 
her arms by force. 

We were anxious to get away, as we were both mounted and 
had no guns. Whenever we attempted it, the Lidians followed. 
As we had come to where we had no business, we were under the 
necessity of remaining and sharing their fate. We were provided 
with a couple of red coats which liad been left with Mrs. Laws — 
a necessary precaution to prevent being shot by our own Indian^. 
We rode on in advance, and then retreated, endeavoring to bring 



38 

the States' troops out, as the Indians were very anxions to meet 
them. 

At length, about 500 infantry, with a few dragoons, came out. 
As soon as they made their appearance, the greater part of our 
Indians returned to the woods by Choruses, which was far the best 
position. Aocordingly we followed them, and lined the front of 
the woods and edge of the road. The enemy came on within 3C0 
yards of the wood, when a party of dragoons made a charge. We 
were ready to receive them but, at a few yards distance they 
wheeled about and went back. A few of our foremost men eave 
them a shot, which tiie States troops returned at 300 jards dis- 
tance, whicli gave our men courage to advance. We had but 60 
men near us ; the rest were half a mile in the rear. Ball and 
myself dismounted and urged them on. As the States men 
perceived we were advancing in earnest, they retired very ])re- 
cipitately. As soon as the Indians saw this, they all ran on, 
shouting in the most hideous manner. 

A party of the enemy, consisting of two officers and 50 men, 
were sent out from Mrs.. Butlers, on Ball's Road, with an intention 
of flanking us. I pointed them out to the Indians, who ran to the 
right, and completely cut them off from the main body. Only 
seven of them made their escape. 

I gained my horse, left off the pursuit, and turned my whole 
attention to the prisoners. Tlio first one or two were brought out 
from the wood, at the end of the Lane, by Blackbird, the Indian 
Chief, who threatened them with instant death, accompanied with 
gestures not of the most agreeable or pleasing description. I rode 
up between them, and was very shortly threatened myself for 
interference. The poor devils were crying and imploring me to 
save their lives, as I was the only white man they saw. After 
getting an interpreter, they promised the lives of the prisoners 
should be saved, and would only frighten them a good deal, to 
prevent their coming again. I made a solemn vow, if a prisoner 
was killed, never to go out with an Indian again. Fortunately, 
all that were taken were mercifully treated, except Adjutant 
Eld ridge, the officer who forfeited his life by firing at an Indian 
while a prisoner. During the whole of the affair, the ladies were 
eye witnesses from J. and P. Ball's windows. 

We had two Indians wounded. The United States loss was 50 
killed and taken prisoners. Our Indians followed them to But- 
ler's Meadows. Directly alter, the States men marched out nearly 
their whole army. We quietly retired within our pickets. 

For this rencontre, I was mentioned in general orders, and got 
tnuch more credit than I deserved, as I was most completely 
drawn into it, against my will. Mr. Bali was taken no notice of, 



39 

because he was a volunteer. I was rather flattered by this mark 
of distinction, conscious the service had been well performed. 
Although I had many zealous friends, yet jealousy and envy will 
ever follow a young man if he obtains notice. I was then only 20 
years of age. I most cordially and honestly confess that my first 
and only design in entering the situation I now hold was a desire 
of serving an"d defending ray country, and not from any motive 
of military ambition. 

General de Rottenburg lived at my father's ; the house was 
open for every body during the remainder of the campaign ; there 
never were less than 10 or 12 people constantly in it. 

The Indians about this time were particularly troublesome in 
the neighborhood where they were encamped at the 10 Mile 
Creek. I removed to that station with the greatest part of the 
troop, which kept them in check. 

HEADQUAKTERS EEMOATID TO ST. DAVIDS. 

Shortly after, the head quarters of the army were removed to St. 
Davids, our army occupying the Four Mile Creek road ; the left 
at Servos on the Lake ; picket near a mile in advance ; centre on 
the Swamp Koad. Those positions were entrenched. The picket 
in Ball's fields, with the American sentry within sight ; our left 
were at St. Davids— a very strong picket at Queenston Heights. 
My troop was ordered on to St. Davids. 

I remained at Mr. Smith's, an excellent quarter, with but very 
little to do, as the skirmishing was altogether at the cross road. I 
frequently visited Mr. G. Turneys, as I used to the Colonels while 
I M'as at DeCoos. Miss Nancy was the only young lady who 
seemed happy to see us to tea ; she was a constant attendant at 
Mr. Eastman's lectures. Whilst at Mr. Smith'b I was taken 
sick, which, however, only lasted a few days. 

On the 20th, a troop of the IQtli Light Dragoons arrived, and 1 
obtained permission to go down to iVfontreal to fetch up the ap- 
pointments that had so long been promissed my troop. The men 
were nearly naked — many deficient in saddles and bridles — and 
were made complete post-boys of They did their duty in tlie 
most patient manner, although they were sadly abused. On the 
26th they were inspected by Captain Hall, Lispector of Cavalry. 
I obtained the most flattering lettei-s from Colonel Harvey and 
others to Colonel Baynes, Adjutant-General. 

On the 28th I made my arrangements, and left the 12 Mile 
Creek, for Montreal, with a servant, on horseback. I arrived at 
Kingston on the 2d of August. Here I met Colonel O'Neil an 



40 

another troop of tlie 19th on their way up. I presented my letter 
to Colonel Bayne, who received me with the most polite attentio::. 
I was presented to Sir George Provost and other distinguished 
individuals. The next day I applied for tlie appointments for the 
men, at the same time stating the situation they hud been in since 
their formation, when I was given to understand, though not in 
plain language, that the removal of the 19th Eegulars had done 
away, or lessened the necessity of their services ; had it not been 
for my personal exertions the troop would have been disbanded ; 
further, that the war could not possibly last more than six moiitiis. 
After this broad hint, I offered to resign ; he recommended me 
not for the present. Major Fulton proved really friendly in this 
instance. 

I went on to Montreal, with not quite so favorable an opinion 
of the Commander-in-Chief as formerly, I found I was a particu- 
lar favorite when of particular service, and that once over I was 
soon forgotten. In short, there was a sort of prejudice against 
the inhabitants bv military men, which was scettino: to a o-reat 
length. 

On my arrival at Montreal I waited on Sir EogerllaleSheaffe. 
who was very attentive, likewise Captain Loring, his Aid-de- 
Camp. They both did everything in their power forme. I spent 
three weeks in this place with the greatest satisfaction, and found 
that the inhabitants of Upper Canada had full credit for every 
thing they had done in defence of the country. I was flattered in 
finding that the regulars had not obtained all tlie glory. 

On my return, I was accompanied as lar as La Chine by ten or 
twelve gentlemen of the town, with whom I had formed an 
acquaintance, together with a Mr. Eroomhead, an English gentle- 
man, who accompanied me to Upper Canada for the purpose of 
seeing the Niagara Falls. I arrived at Kingston on the 28th of 
August, with a large brigade of boats, 85 'in number, and five 
gunboats to guard them. I could only procure the men's clothing, 
as the appointments had not arrived at Quebec. 

After an infinite deal of trouble, I obtained a boat at Kingston, 
and left there on the 1st September, in company with two other boats. 
After passing the carrying place, 1 had much difliculty in recov- 
ering my horses, which i had left at Keeler's, an innkeeper at 
Hamilton's. In passing Presquisle, I heard a cannonadino- between 
the two fleets. It was a running fight from Quebec to Kingston. 
_ On the 10th, early in the morning, I left Smith's Creek w-ith a 
lair wind — discovered two sails ahead. Fearing they might be 
the enemy, I very prudently put back to the Creek. I took a 
boat and reconnoitred, and found them to be enemies, so returned 
and landed everything from tlie boats, one of which had a quantity 



41 

of specie for the commissariat. We drew up om* forces at the 
moutli of the Creek (consisting of 20 men, with 12 muskets only). 
I sent expresses in all directions for the militia. The vessels came 
opposite us and laid off for some time, but did not think proper 
to land. 

Nothing particular occurred during the remainder of the passage 
to the 12 Mile Creek, at the head of navigation, adjoining my 
father's farm, where we arrived on 20th September. All the 
troops landed and marched to the lines ; all stores landed, 
which made it extremely troublesome. 

I tbund that tlie family had been very ill, but on the recovery. 
All the sick belonging to the army, which comprised one-third, 
were sent to the 12 Mile Creek at this time. The operations of the 
army, since my departure, were trifling in the extreme. The 
States fleet made its ap)pearance tlie day after I left ; they landed 
at Burliiigfcon, or rather at the Beech, oji the 30th July, with an 
intention of attacking Burlington, but found we were too well 
prepared to receive them. They re-imbarked, and landed at York 
the next day. plundering and burning it, and then returned t'» 
Niagara. 



TRANSACTIONS DUKING THE SUMMKK — MOSTLY NAVEL. 

About the 1st of August, Sir James Teo made his appearance. 
The enemy came out, but returned, appearing well inclined to 
avoid an action. On the 3d and 4:th, both fleets were off to the 
40 Mile Creek. A fresh breeze springing up in our favour, Sir 
James Teo bore down upon them, and fell in with them opposite 
the 12 Mile Creek. At 10 o'clock he captured two schooners, and 
another upset — all lost ; the rest of the convoy got into harbor. 
It is thought, if he had pursued them at that time, he would have 
secured the whole fleet. 

Sir George Fi ovost had come up with his suite about the middle 
of August. Every body suspected that he would attack the Forts, 
but he merely made a reconnoisance, took a few prisoners, and 
returned to Kingston, 

Colonel Murray had arrived with part of the 100th Kegiment. 
General de Eottenburgh was still at my father's. On his return 
from Burlington, where he had been inspecting the different posts, 
he went down to the lines. The prospect was truly discouraging: 
our army was sickly and dispirited — many deserting — nearly all 
the Indians had left us. ' There we were blockading a force three 
times our numbers, with no hopes of regaining the command of the 
Lake. I found my troop, as I expected, in a most wretched state; 



42 

and had it not been for the very critical state of the army, I 
would have immediately resigned, but feared I would have been 
misinterpreted as to my motive. I turned my whole attention to 
my troop, which improved, horses and every thing else ; in short, 
my determination, at this time, to obtain justice or leave the ser- 
vice proved of the greatest advantage, as I insisted on obtaining 
for the men every allowance and indulgence that was extended 
to the 19th Regulars; new energy was infused — we obtained good 
horses from the enemy, and discarded bad ones, our knowledge 
of the country giving us the advantage of intercepting them. 

Their success on Lake Erie on lOth Sept. emboldened them 
here, and we discovered the United States ileet again. Our fleet 
had bi-ought up a supply of provisions and stores, which were 
landed at Burlington ; our vessels fell in with the United States 
fleet off the 40 ilile Creek, consisting of thirteen sail— ours only 
six ; the Wolf had her fore and mizen-topmast shot away, by 
which means the whole fleet were obliged to bear away from the 
head of the Lake. Had the States fleet followed, we must have 
been taken. 

About the same time, General Wilkinson embarked the greater 
part of his army in boats, for Sackett's Harbour, or rather for 
Montreal, as he felt certain of taking it before the campaign 
ended. General de Rottenburg suspected their design, and sent 
me up to Sir James Yeo, who had repaired his damages, and laid 
at the head of Lake Ontario. I took an order for him to come 
down and destroy their boats, if possible. He found it could not 
be effected without the almost certain destruction of his whole 
fleet, therefore did not attempt it, but ran into Kingston, where 
they remained during the campaign, which ended most fortu- 
nately for us ; for had Sir James Yeo brought them to an action, 
we must have lost the whole of our little fleet, from the enemy's 
great superiority of numbers. 



EVENTS DUEING THE ABSENCE OF THE FORCES DOWN THE 
ST. LAWRENCE, AND RETREAT OF THE ABMT. 

Immediately after the States force went down, General de Rot- 
tenburg and suite, with Colonel Harvey, went to Kingston, fol- 
lowed by the 49th and 104th Yoltigeurs and Glengary Light 
Infantry Regiments, who fortunately had a very quick passage. 
General Yincent was left in command with a part of the 100th 
Regiment — King's Royals — one company 89th, and one or two 



companies of Glengaries. 



43 

General Scott, then Colonel, had the command of the enemy's 
force at Fort George, with about 1,000 regulars and some militia. 
On the 7th, they attacked our out picket on the Swamp Road ; 
we followed them, and drove them to the garrison. On our return 
they pursued us, and had a lengthy skirmish, with but little loss. 
Colonel Murray, who commanded the rear guard, behaved in a 
most gallant manner. From that time forward, I always courted 
his friendship more than any other officer in the army. The 
action continued with little intermission, until the evening, when 
each party withdrew to his lines. 

About the beginning of October, my brother-in.law, Mr. Gor- 
don, and his wife, being confident, from appearances the army 
would retire, left tlie 12 Mile Creek in a boat for Burlington, with 
his family; the two children were unwell, and himself by no means 
recovered from a long Ht of illness. The}' were accompanied by 
my youngest sister, who had likewise been ill. On making the 
40 Mile Creek, they encountered a violent gale of wind, with a 
heavy sea; on making the shore, they had nearly been all drowned. 
They got very wet themselves, and all the baggage they brought 
with them; the invalid was there taken very ill. On my return from 
the head of the Lake, after being on board our fleet, I met Mr. 
and Mrs. Gordon on their way up. They desired me to call and 
see our sister, at A. Nellis, Esq., where she lay. On my 
arrival her life was despaired of. AH the doctors were sent for 
within reach. I could not possibly remain with her, so returned. 
My tender mother went up and remained until she recovered; she 
was as ill as possible without dying — her burial robes were even 
made. 

On the 7th or 8th of Octobei-, I obtained two days leave, and 
went to see lier, with Maria (Mrs. IngersoU), expecting to find her a 
corpse, but to my great surprise and pleasure, found lier much 
better. On the morning of the 9th, I heard, by Captain Hertchy, 
that the whole army was on the retreat; he was finding the means 
of conveyance. 

On the 9th, General Vincent heard of Proctor's defeat, and 
fearing General Harrison would follow up his victory on the 
Thames, and get possession of Burlington Heights, made a preci- 
pitate retreat,' by forced marches, to that place. He destroyed 
many stores, leaving a quantity of flour, part of which fell into 
the liands of the enemy. The other retreat was bad enough, but 
nothing compared with this. 

I was really astonished, as I had not the least conception of it 
on my leaving. I rode back as fast as I could, having left the 
men "scattered in all directions, and everything in the greatest 
confusion imaginable. My father had determined to retreat with 



44 

the army. Met our advance guard at the 15 Mile Creek ; had 
merely time to get home and throw my kit in the baggage wag- 
gon, and returned to collect my men. 

My father was very ill, and after much persuasion he consented 
to remain at home. There was no help there to be had, for every 
thing remained exposed in the house for the first maraudino; party 
to plunder, which I was confident w^ouJd be done. Maria returned 
and staid with him ; mother and sister at the 40 Mile Creek, 
more dead than alive ; Caroline, her husband, and two children 
at Burlington, all sick ; and myself, on the way wherever fortune 
chose to bear me; such another scene I hope never to witness 
again; there was not a dry cheek to be seen in parting with the 
good people, as they were confident we must be off, this being 
the second time. 

I left Shipman's at 10 o'clock at night, and marched as far as 
Cowces' in a heavy rain; breakfasted at Nellis's with ray mother, 
who was nearly out of her senses; the invalid Susan, hoAvever, 
was fast recovering; after making me promise to Lake care of my- 
self, she gave me her adieus, not expecting to see me again until 
after the 23eace. On my arrival at Burlington I was sent to 
Dundas to take up quarters for the troop, which were the best in 
that vicinity. I hired a house for Gordon, who came down, and 
by this means I had a comfortable berth: since the last retreat 
I had become an old soldier, had no inclination to volunteer on 
the out pickets, as formerly, as you got no more credit by it, than 
remaining quiet and making yourself comfortable. After my stay 
in Dundas, 1 heard from my father. 

The States troops came out the next day under Col Chapin, 
and behaved very well to him, and all the inliabitants. Other 
parties, liowever, were plundering on the mountain in every di- 
rection. Col. Scott had embarked for Sacketts Harbor Math his men, 
leaving the command with General McClure, a Militiaman, who, 
as usual, issued his proclamation to the inhabitants, promising 
them protection, by which means many remained in false security. 

Very shortly after, "Wilcox, the traitor, made liis appearance. 
He was made Police Officer, and had tlie whole management of 
civil and, I may say, military aftairs. General Harrison came 
down with the army at the latter end of the month. Wo were 
now rather more cautious, fearing, after his late success, he would 
be inclined to attack us at Burlnington, which was in a bad state 
of defence. Wilcox came out occasionally as far as the 40 mile 
creek, always in the night. We had many a long ride after him 
to no purpose. We would occasionally take a ride as far as the 

40 Mile Creek, to see the ladieg, at which attempt we were nearly 
'• taken one evening. 



^ 45 

About the 10th or 12th of November, I was sent to Fort 
George, with a flag of truce, and, if possible, to get some informa- 
tion of their strength, and established a correspondence, so that we 
could hear of their movements weekly or daily, if necessary. On 
my arrival at the Fort, I heard that my father was made prisoner 
by Wilcox. I had three or four men with me, took the lake road, 
wishing, if possible, to get home without detention. I 
crossed by Patterson's, and got home about 2 o'clock, and fright- 
ened the good people out of their ser.ses, fearing I should betaken 
by "Wilcox. He had been there the day before, and taken my father 
down to the fort. I went on the cross roads and escaped him. He 
had just passed wirh his party to the 40 Mile Creek, to make 
Captain NelHs a prisoner. 

I got into Niagara about 9 o'clock, and was conducted, blind- 
folded, to General Harrison's quarters, supped with him, and was 
treated with every attention. He sent for my father, who was 
over the river, having no previous knowledge of his having been 
taken prisoner, and promised to send him home the next day or 
two. I left them about 12 o'clock. 

In the morning Wilcox had taken Nellis, and returned by the 
Lake road, by which I avoided him altogether. I forgot all my 
prudential resolutions, established what I wanted, breathed ven- 
geance, and returned. My horses were all in good condition, so 
T determined they should not be idle until the traitor Wilcox was 
kidnapped or out of our reach. I took many a cold, dark ride 
near the 20 Mile Creek, hoping he would come out. There were 
parties who regularly gave him information. He had made Mr. 
Adams prisoner, who accompanied my mother down to see my 
father. There was no chance of any being liberated. 

At the latter end of November, General Vincent liad heard a 
report that our fleet on the Upper Lake liad been driven on shore 
at Point Abino. He wished me to go down and ascertain their 
position, so that, if possible, they might be destroyed. Captain 
Elliott and myself, with a dragoon, Mt Burlington early in the 
morning, went through to Warner Nellis', Cayuga, on Grand 
River, that day, the road almost impassible. 

We there heard that Markle, Bigger, Grace, young Markle, 
Doctor Crosby and Dagget, all traitors, had passed by the morn- 
ing before, to join the enemy. Next morning we went through to 
Canboro', accompanied by young Nellis ; gol: as far as Parks', on 
the Chippewa road that night— a long, wet and disagreeable ride ; 
had fallen into one or two creeks on the route ; and sent_ for a 
friend, James Cummings, to obtain the necessary information. I 
kept concealed until the messenger returned. I found the report 
about the vessels false. My intention now v/as to go down to 



46 

the mouth of the creek, and take up a couple of deserters, who 
had left, a few days before, under an impression we were going 
to the Lower Province, but hearing the fleet on the Lower Lake 
had been driven ashore, M'e rode across the country to ascertain 
the truth of this information, as it would, if correct, be far more 
important than the other. 

We left Chippewa Bridge at 4 o'clock, stopped at Mr. Streets, 
found a States soldier — conld not make a prisoner of him, as he 
was not mounted. Markle and party had passed the same day ; 
took a bjM'oad to Hill's, got some information from his sister, pas- 
sed down the mountain to Lanes' — very dark — lost the road — 
very near killing the horses in getting down the mountain. We 
called at Cam])bell's, and were informed that King Joe was at 
Dittrick's, with 150 mounted men. We took the two boys and 
sent them into the house to And out where he was himself, his 
sentries and horses, while we remained concealed in the meadows. 
They returned with intelligence of his having left there an hour 
before. 

We were sadly disappointed, as we were determined to have a 
shot at him. We called at the house a moment, and sent a per- 
son on to Shipman's, whilst we remained at the Bridge. If the 
way had been clear, we intended to have gone home. 

We met two persons, who at first took us for States men. They 
gave us every information, and informed us that the enemy had 
left Niagara for Burlington, under the command of General Mc- 
Clure, the advance at Shipman's. We found by our messenger 
that Markle was at Shij)raan's. We did not think it prudent to 
attack him, as we heard several shots. 

We imagined that their advance party had come up, and if 
they got the least intelligence, would pursue and undoubtedly 
overtake us, as our horses M'ere completely used up, and a dis- 
tance of 40 miles yet to make before we fell in with our ;.dvance 
posts. At Haynes' we fell in with a man M'ho declared himself a 
true friend of ours, taking us for the enemy. We went on as fast 
as possible, knowing they would hear of us. 

AtHonsingers we overtook a man, dismounted him and took 
his horse. The dragoon called at Mrs. P. Smith's ; her husband 
was detained at Burlington a prisoner, on suspicion of being a 
spy. She told our dragoon that four dragoons had ])assed up a 
few hours before, on the direct road to Burlington. We were de- 
termined to engage them, or rather to give them a shot and pass 
them; as we had no swords or holsters, our pistols were in our 
belts, under our coats, which covered our regimentals. Captain 
Elliot on the left, dragoon in the centre and myself on the right. 
If hailed, I was to answer in as Yankefied a tone as possible, "Col- 



47 

onel Wilcox's troops." As soon as we got abreast, ea'ih to take 
his man in front, and move off as fast as possible. * 

We expected to meet them at Bircli's or Rancher's, as those 
were the places where thej nsuallj stopped. On our approaching 
the latter place, we discovered two dragoons^ mounted, before the 
door. Of course we took them for part of the four — galloped up 
— halted in front of thera — saluted each other with " how d'ye 
do?"' One of them hailed us, and we replied as preconcerted- 
asking him whether they were British dragoons. He rei^lied in 
the affirmative. I thought he was deceiving me, as I was him. 
I gave the signal for firing. My opponent perceiving it, presented 
his pistol at my breast. 1 returned the motion, waiting for Elliot 
to fire, feai'ing, if I fired first, the other would kill him. The gen- 
tleman opposite me, whom I took to be a major, as he was well 
equipped and mounted, thiiiking we were too many for him, 
wheeled to the left and made off. Thinking it was for the inten- 
tion of joinijig the others, I made after him, and gave him a 
shot at about four yards distance. He returned the fire and fell 
from his horse. 

I threw my pistol at him. Hearing the horse ahead, I 
fired again before I found the horse had no rider. I rode 
up, caught and mounted him, letting my jaded animal loose. 
I loaded my remaining pistol, and took my post at the skirt of 
the wood, awaiting the coming of the other two dragoons, who 
1 imagined were ahead. Captain Elliot fired directl}'' after me, 
which was returned. He again fired, and shot the horse througli 
the neck, cut off the bridle rein, and then brought the man to the 
ground, who surrendered. 

Elliot rode off" and left him, being perfectly content at getting 
off' safe. The dragoon disappeared after the first fire. Elliot and 
I joined, and prepared for meeting the other two, who we still 
imagined to be ahead. xVt the deep hollow, hearing my horse 
going over the bridge, I thought it was them. We rode by the 
side of the road, intending to give them a shot when they came 
up. Finding they did not approach, wo rode down and galloped 
up the hill, trusting to their missing us. AVe were in continual 
expectation of the party in our rear, as we had met with so many 
delaj'S. On our arriving at Doctor Sumner's, we learned that 
Cornet McKenney and the Sergeant Major had gone down after a 
prisoner. On examining the bridle of the horse I was on, I found 
it to .be McKenney's. 1 sent Doctor Bell down immediately, as I 
was sure he must be either killed or wounded. We rode on as 
far Lewis's, took an hour's sleep on the floor, and proceeded on to 
the Stouey Creel?, very much dejected in spirits, fearing I had been 
the death of a particular friend and brave officer. 



48 



McKenney and the Sergeant Major had been sent after a man 
called Force, at Phillip Smith's, who was in the habit of convey- 
ing information to the enemy, so we were informed. He lieard, 
before he reached Euncheys, of the approach of the enemy, and 
was determined to see them before he returned, or get his prison- 
er. He expected to find them at Runcheys, and was in the act 
of opening the window when we came up. He had merely time 
to mount and get to the gate, when we came up and were abreast 
of him; he very naturally thought that a large party were in the 
rear, and was endeavoring to make off. My hrst shot knocked 
off his cap; on his returning it, his horse made a jump over a 
stump, and brought him to the ground, quite stunned'with the fall. 
On his getting up he made for the woods. The Sergeant Major 
made for the same place. After being dismounted, they remain- 
ed there all night, each running from the other, thinking the ene- 
my were in search. On reaching the 40 Mile Creek the next day, 
1 found out the mistake, which was near having a tragical end. It 
was really astonishing that neither of us fired when within a yard 
of each other, our pistols cocked and pointed at each other's hearts; 
Elliott and the other fired three or four shots without effect. 

We expected our army from Burlington to move down and 
meet General McClure; however, it did not. I returned, and re- 
mained quietly at Dundas, thinking our great men had given up 
the idea of regaining the country. 

ARMY EETURNS AFTER ONE AND A HALF MONTHS. 

There was a large party at Miss Cooley's on the evening of the 
1st of December; all the ladies in the place were there. At 12 
o'clock we broke up by an order to move without delay to the 40 
Mile Creek and join Colonel Murray, who had advanced on hear- 
ing of Wilcox's being up. We arrived at the 40 Mile Creek at 
daybreak; Colonel Murray had been below the 30 Mile Creek. 
King Joe, with about 250 men had gone a by-road back in the 
country to Mr. Lyons; I made him and Mr. Cord ell prisoners. 
There was a long debate whether to pursue him or not; if we had, 
we most certainly should have fallen in with him. 

General McClure, who commanded the enemy, advanced to the 
20 Mile Croek, stole as many horses as they could, and returned 
from whence they came. The Commissary being hard run for 
provisions, the General thought proper to push on the advance 
and get in as much flour and beef as possible. 

On the 7th Colonel Murray advanced, with orders not to proceed 
with the main body furtlier than the 40 Mile Creek, nor his out- 



40 

posts or scouting parties further than the 12 Mile Creek. Thai 
night 1 remained at Lewis's with Captain Hamilton and a few 
others. I went to the 40 Mile Creek on the morning of the 8th; 
in the evening I was to proceed to Ball's Mills with a party of 
men. I was up all night procuring sleighs; it was snowing all 
the time; I could not get off till the morning of the 9th. 1 im- 
pressed forty or fifty sleighs, and arrived at Ball's at 9 o'clock; I 
put pickets on every road. The snow falling prevented any per- 
son passing unobserved; I took up every person passing either 
way. I heard that my father had been taken prisoner by Wilcox^ 
and obtained leave to go home, being very unwell. I prevailed 
on Captain Martin, who conmianded the party, to go on as far as 
tlie 12 Mile Creek that night, by which means we could take up 
every suspicious character, as no person dreamt of the army's re- 
turning; my great object was to bring away my father. I always 
conceived, in persuading him to stay, that I was instrumental in 
his being carried away a prisoner, from his family, and detained. 

INCIDENTS BEFORE NIAGARA. Bt'RNT. 

,1 

The horses and sleighs were all in readiness for our expedition, 
the oxen were sent off with flour — at 9 o'clock we proceeded on, 
Captain Kirby, McKinney, Ball, and myself, were in advance. 
George Ball had left home to give us the information of General 
McClure's retreat, likewise their threatening to burn every house 
in their power on the approach of our army, which, to our cost, 
proved not to be an idle threat. At the cross roads, 15 Mile Creek, 
I awaited the arrival of Captain Martin; here I fell in with one of 
my dragoons, who had remained behind; and overtook a sleigh that 
would have frustrated all our plans by giving information, tum- 
bled out the passengers, and made better use of it. I took up a 
scoundrel of the name of Ferguson, w^ho would not surrender till 
we brought a party, and were in the act of firing in at the door. 
Captain Martin coming up, proceeded on to Smith's, surrounded 
the house, ran in at the front, as Force was opening the back 
door to make his escape; the poor fellow was frightened out 
of his senses; he begged of me for old acquaintance to let him go, 
as he intended leaving the country next morning: I gave ]]im in 
charge of a sergeant, and rode on. I had not proceeded far when 
hearing the report of a gun, I sent back, and learned he had been 
shot. After being placed in the sleigh, he made a leaj) over the 
fence, they called on him to stop, without effect; the Sergeant fired, 
the ball took him in the back of the head, and passed out of his 
left eye; he was 200 yards distant, and it was a dark night. 



50 

Expecting a party of the enemy were at Sliipman's Capt. Ball 
and myself went forward to reconnoitre; after peeping in at the 
windows, we ventured into the house, but found no person there. 
"We sent to Martin, who came and took up the position, also sent a 
a party along the middle road ; another went on to DeCew's,Bacou's, 
&c.; 1 went with a third party to my father's, and brought him oft", 
as well as Chisholm; I left my mother and sister by themselves; 
however, they did not mind it; they had become quite old soldiers 
as to ahiruis and disturbances. Captain Martin returned by Hol- 
lev's; I took my father to Ball's, and proceeded to the 40 Mile 
Creek, where I informed Colonel Murrav of our excursion. I was 
severely reprimanded — Captain Martin threatened to be broken ot 
his commission for disobedience of orders, the very thing he was 
guilty of himself the next moment. For I begged of him to advance 
or the enemy would destroy every house near the 12 Mile Creek. 
He refused to go beyond the 20 Mile Creek, and sent an order for 
Martin to remain tliere until he came down. I returned, very 
much cliagrined, and made an attempt to save what little proper- 
ty I could. I hired three or four sleighs, and went on by the 
McGregor Road with D. Servos, seven Dragoons, and three Militia 
lads; I sent three Dragoons to Shipman's to prevent a surprise 
from that quarter, and young Honsinger over to see all clear; 
on his giving the signal, I drove over with the sleighs, loaded them, 
and had them off in a few minutes. They were just out of sight, 
when the Dragoons from Shipman's came down and informed me 
that three or four U. States officers had that instant left Ship- 
man's. I imagined a party must be in the rear, or would have 
cut them off by the lake road. I recrossed the hill, with the in- 
tention of assembling as many Militia men as possible, and guard- 
iug against all marauding parties at least. 

"The moment we got back, a flag of truce made its appearance, 
over the way we had come. I fired a musket to bring it to — I 
rode over and met it; both the gentlemen were acquainted with 
my father, a Captain Bennett and Lieut. Frazer, of the States Mi- 
litia. They had a letter for General Yincent, which I forwarded 
to Colonel Murray. I detained them until I received his answer. 
Their object was to ascertain where we lay. They thought offal- 
ling in with our advance at the 40 Mile Creek, instead of the 12 
Mile Creek. I sent word for the Militia to assemble at Haynes 
and Clendenning's, and form themselves into a picket. In the in- 
terim we dined at my fatheis, and made ourselves as pleasant as 
the times allowed. In the evening, we removed to Clendenning's, 
where they understood the advance of the army was. On receiv- 
ing Colonel Murray's answer, I dismissed them, and accompani- 
ed them as far as my ftither's, back. 



.51 

They returned under the impression that the whole army was 
advancing, and the greater part of it around the 12 Mile 
Creek; whereas, only a few of the Militia were there, who had 
hastily assembled. The advance was only at the 20 Mile Creek, 
which was not to proceed further; nor would it, had the enemy 
shown the least intention of remaining. I returned to Clenden- 
ning's, and took a comfortable bed, with the hopes of having a 
good sleep for the remainder of the night. This was about 2 o'clock; 
I was greatly fatigued, having been up three nights; I had just 
got into a doze, when I received an order to proceed to the i^ea- 
ver Dams, and get off all the flour in that part of the country. I 
had twenty men of the 19th,and some of my own, altogether, ma- 
king quite a formidable party. 

Meanwhile I had discovered the town of Niagara to be in a blaze 
of fire; I was rejoiced at the sight, as it was an omen of the sud- 
den departure of the enemy. I expected to have met a party near 
Bacon's. I got together a number of sleighs, and sent off all the 
flour to Ball's Mills. I found a quantity in New Holland that was 
on its way to the States people. On my return to the Beaver 
Dams, I took up young Force, who had escaped from a party of 
ours the night before, and had joined the States people: finding 
they were leaving the country he was making back; from him 1 
learned that they were leaving the town. 

On reaching Shipman's I was very much surprised to meet Col- 
onel Murray, with the advance. On hearing of their burning the 
town, he was determined to attack their Fort Niagara that night. 
After refreshing ourselves at my father's, and resting the men, M-e 
moved on, it being near 9 o'clock in the evening. The Provincial 
Dragoons were one mile in advance. We procured all the axes 
on the different roads, to cut down the pickets of the Fort if neces- 
sary. We called at Thompson's and McNab's, and found the enemy 
had abandoned the town, and the inhabitants in the utmost dis- 
tress. At the Eev. Robert Addison's we awaited the arrival of Col- 
onel Murray, who came on with part of the 19th Light Dragoons, 
With those he advanced to near the environs, and thence proceed- 
ed on to see that all was clear. Nothing but heaps of coals, and 
the streets full of furniture that the inhabitants were fortunate 
enough to get out of their houses, met the eye in all directions. 
Mr. Gordon's house, my old quarters, was the only one standing. 
Having made a few prisoners, we proceeded very cautiously on 
to the Garrison, which was abandoned — many tents were left 
standing — tlie barrack and wood work nearly consumed. We 
were very apprehensive that a mine was left for our destruction; 
a musket cartridge burst upon our ascending the cavalier bastion: 
each took it for a match to a concealed mine, and gave our- 



52 

selves up for a rise in the air. Fortunately, our fears lm,ppened to 
be groundless. On our return to town we separated, Col. Murray 
went up the Swamp Road to quarter the troops at the 4 Mile 
Creek; the 19th went to Queenston; I returned with two or three, 
to the Rev. Mr. Addison's, almost famished with cold and hunger. 
Not wishing to disturb the family, I went to Mr. Whitmore's, 
got a very good supper, and for the remainder of the night, a 
very good sleep. In the morning I went to Queenston, the lOOtli 
grenadiers guarding the Fort. On the 12th the whole army were 
on the move from JBurlington Heights. The General, Staff, and 
a Captain proceeded on to Fort Erie, and made some prisonei-s; 
they very nearly took the two Mclntoshes, who had deserted from 
me, and now W'ished to return. 

PREPARATIONS FOR TAKING FORT ISIIAGAKA. 

1 was busily occupied in impressing teams to get down two or 
three boats, as Colonel Murray was determined to attack Fort 
Niagara, as soon as boats for his men could be procured. Tues- 
day and Wednesday em])loyed about the same business. I was 
sent over with a flag to Lewiston, in a common punt the States 
men had made ; and I was, with Mrs. Nellis, near being 
swamped in a whirlpool. Captain Bennett, whom I had before 
seen at the 12 Mile Creek, commanded that post; here I met 
with Adams, Lyons, Nellis, and Cordell, who were detained as 
prisoners. I gave tliem a caution, to look out and ascertain the 
strength and position of the enemy, with their means of defence. 
On my return, gave in my report; I got two boats to the bank; 
Generals Drummond and Riall, and Colonel Harvey, &c. arriving 
from Kingston, very prudently postponed the attack until boats 
arrived from Burlington. Captain Kirby was despatched for 
thenij and brought them down to the 4 Mile Creek. 

At 12 o'clock on Thursday, teams were procured and the boats 
brought to AVilson's, the place of embarkation. Some unforseen 
difficulty prevented our crossing, although the troops were on the 
spot every night, deprived of tlieir rest. This evening I was ta- 
ken very ill from over exertion; I was to have crossed with Colo- 
nel Murray; I came down, but I could with great difficulty keep 
iny legs; the next day I was taken home by my father in a sleigh; 
1 had taken a severe cold from fatigue and want of rest; I was so 
much interested in forwarding the attack, that I was eight nights 
quite deprived of sleep, in getting down boats, and other neces- 
saries, that would be required. 

On Saturday night they crossed over, and were crowned with 
success. This was another of my most unfortunate military events, 



53 

as I had been employed in all the other movements, and honora- 
bly mentioned, and now deprived of sharing in the most glorious 
affair that happened in the Upper Province. Captain Kirby was 
particularly and deservedly mentioned in the public despatches. 
Colonel Murray, however, entitled me and my troop to a share in 
the prize money of the place, for our services. A few days after, 
Captain Leonard's family came to my father's, where they re- 
mained for two or three weeks. I recovered enough to walk out 
occasionally. During my confinement Buffalo was taken and 
burned, in retaliation for the destruction of Niagara. General 
Riall commanded the expedition over the river. They crossed in 
the evening and took possession of Conejohacty Bridge — made a 
few prisoners, and kept possession until the morning, although 
they were attacked two or three times during the night. 

Li the morning General Drummond ordered the Royals to cross 
above the batteries at Black Rock, in boats manned by the mili- 
tia; owing to the rapid current, the boats were drifted down in 
front of the batteries; a great proportion were killed or wounded, 
and had not General Riall advanced to their support, they woitld 
have been all destroyed. After a short contest, be routed the en- 
emy, who made a short but spirited resistance; he took possession 
of Buffalo and burnt it. 

As usual, the failure of the boats to land above the batteries, 
which was impossible, w^as laid to the militia by General Drum- 
mond, to throw off' the blame from his own shoulders, or rather, 
Colonel Harvey, who advised the attack. It was a cruel accusa- 
tion, as no men could have behaved better than the lew in action 
that day. The error lay in not marching up by land, after the 
capture of Niagara, when all the stores and village would have fal- 
len into our hands with little or no loss. A small party went as 
far as Schlosser, and returned afterburning a few houses. In my 
humble opinion, it would have been far more honorable and mag- 
nanimous had M^e gone and returned, M^thout doing the least in- 
jury to the inhabitants. 

Shortly after. General Drummond came down to St. Davids. 
General Vincent had left Burlington for Kingston shortly after the 
capture of Fort Niagara, with trie satisfaction of seeing tho coun- 
try rid of all its enemies, and in a mucfi better state of defence 
than when he assumed the command. Cornet McKenny was sent 
down to Quebec with his prisoner, Col. Chapin. Capt. Leonard 
had a few days leave to remain at my lather's, theh with his tam- 
ily, and was sent down under charge of Lieut. Iiigersoll, on the 
1st of January. He had commanded the Garrison of Fort Niag- 
ara previous to our capture of it. During the late occurrences, 
I was confined to my room. Thus ended the campaign of 1813. 



,M 



C-A.MP»A.ia]SI OF 1814, &c. 



ARMY IN WINTKK QUAETEES. 

After mj recovery, I went to Queenston, and found the horses 
and men in sad disorder; they had been totally neglected of late. 
As there was no immediate occasion for their services, I obtained 
leave to put them in winter quarters at Shipman's, at the 12 Mile 
Creek. 1 returned to my father's and stayed until the middle of 
January, and spent my time very pleasantly with Miss Leonard 
and a few other ladies. On the 15th, I obtained leave to accom- 
pany them and Mrs. W. Smith across the river; we went up in 
waggons, and had a pleasant excursion; on going over the river, 
not a soul was to be seen for a length of time. I took an affect- 
ing leave of my aunt and my cousin, and returned home. 

I exchanged my quarters to Chisholm's, to be near the men; I 
rode to headquarters at Roreback's once a \veek; otherwise, I had 
nothing to do but to attend to the men. In the interim, we re- 
mained at the 12 Mile Creek until the middle cf May. 

I spent the winter as pleasantly as possible, often having a 
dance at Shipman's, and at my father's, card parties, &c. I soon 
got the horses in excellent condition. Ingersoll and McKenny 
returned from Quebec at the end of Februarj'. I recruited sever- 
al more men, and found horses, which was- the means of my hav- 
ing twelve or fourteen of my own in the troop, exclusive of my 
three chargers. 

The officers of the 4:1st, who had been confined at Chilicothi, 
came into Fort George or Niagara on parole. Intelligence was 
received of the States people assembling a large force at Buffalo, 
for an attack, meditated in a few days — we thought they would 
make the attack in Lower Canada. 

General Wilkinson, with 4:000 men, atPlattsburgh, had attacked 
Col. Williams on tlie La Colle, in the Lower Province, and was 
repulsed most gallantly, with great loss. This was on the 30th of 
March. And when the renewal of military operations commen- 
ced, the greatest activity prevailed during the spring, in repairing 
Forts George and Niagara, and building Fort Missaeaqua or Fort 
Biall, so named after the gallant General. This fort completely 



55 

commands the entrance of the Niagara river. So long as we 
keep the hike, the enemy could only have a temporary possession 
of some part of the frontier. Every person now tnrned out with 
more zeal and confidence than at any former period. 

Hitherto, they fought under the impression of eventually losing 
the country; although we had now but few regular troops, we 
were certain they would shortly be sent us, as Eapoleon had ab- 
dicated, and our forces in Europe were at liberty. Our gallant 
fleet had taken and destroyed Oswego, and many stores there had 
furnished us with a seasonable supply of provisions. A genend 
movement of the troops took place, and the militia were in read- 
iness to march at a moment's notice. 

Our forces* altogether consisted of about 1500 regulars, exclu- 
sive of artillery, dragoons, &c. to garrison the forts, and take the 
field. Colonel Pearson commanded the Light Brigade at and 
above Chippewa. 1 was ordered to Fort George; and got stables u]) 
and the men comfortably quartered; as usual, my quarters were 
at Gordon's. On the 1st of June I sent McKenny up to Long 
Point and Burlington, to relieve Lieut. Ingersoll, who had baen 
sent up some weeks before with a party of sixteen men, as it was 
expected the enemy would make an attack at that place, and 
penetrate if possible, to Burlington, as they had the entire com- 
mand of the upper lake, and shipping to transport what troops 
they pleased. 



BATTLE OF CHIPPEWA AND ANTECEDENT EVENTS, 

On the 3d of July I attained my 21st year; I had invited a 
number of my friends at the 12 Mile Creek to celebrate it; went 
home and had a good dinner prepared, and had waited until the 
hour of four — and no guests arriving, we were just sitting down 
to dinner, to oat it ourselves, when a dragoon arrived with the 
news of the enemy having landed at Fort Erie the night before. 

I returned to Fort George as soon as possible. All the troops 
that could be spared were marched up to Chippewa, with General 
Riall. His intention was to defend that post as long as possible. 
The enemy landed under the command of Generals Brown and 
Scott, and surrounded Fort Erie. It was defended or garrisoned 
by 140 men, under the command of Major Buck, of the 8th regi- 
ment. On the 4th, they pushed on to Chippewa, skirmishing 
with our light troops, without much efiect on either side. We re- 
turned within our intrenchments on the left bank of the Chippewa 
Creeek, where part of two regiments of militia had liastily assem- 
bled. I went up iu the afternoon, with the intention of remain- 



56 

ing, and was sent on to Coioiiel Stewart, who commanded at Fort 
Geor£>-e. 

The General expected a joint attack to be made by their fleet 
oa the lake shore. On the morning of the 5th we sent the 1st re- 
giuient of militia back to Queenston. The enemy had been very 
([uiet in the forenoon, in their cam]) — parties of ours had been ail 
round them. General Riall thought their main force had not 
come up, or their numbers not so great as was reported, as their 
scouting parties diminished their numbers greatly. Three hundred 
of the King's airiving, he was induced to march out and give 
tliem battle at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The Indians under 
Captain Norton were to commence the attack on our right, in the 
wood, supported by the militia and the light companies of the 
lOOtli King's and Royals; the 100th were to attack the main body 
in front, on the plain. King's in reserve, artillery on our left, Ma- 
jor Leslie's troop of 19th light dragoons covering them. The In- 
dians, under Norton, took too long a circuit and got nearly in tlie 
rear of the United States camp, consequently did not get into ac- 
tion until i*: was over. 

About seventy of the Western Indians, under Captain Colvin, 
led the advance in the wood. The enemy were all covered, ready 
to receive them — let them advance till they were very nearly sur- 
rounded, when they opened a disastrous flre. The Indians lost 
one Sachem the first volley. They immediatel^y gave way, and 
conld not be rallied during the engagement. The militia came 
np and sustained a fire from at least 800 men for fifteen minutes, 
when they retreated, suffering a very serious loss. The men went 
into the field under Colonel Dixon, Captains Grant, Rowe, Tur- 
ney, and Lieut. McDonald, commanding a company each. The 
Colonel was wounded, and his horse shot in two places ; the 
three latter were killed — the action had commenced on the 
left, and was disputed with the greatest obstinacy for sometime. 
Our right being driven in, the enemy were nearaly getting in our 
rear; however, the light company coming up to the assistance of 
the militia, they rallied, and in their turn drove back the States 
troops, which gave our left an oj^portunity of returning unmolest- 
ed. More than half our men were killed or wounded. Out of 
fourteen oflieers, the 100th had only three unhurt. Had they pur- 
sued us, our small army must have been annihilated. Our loss 
was very great, as was that of the States people; allowing for the 
very great disparity of numbers engaged, their loss was greater 
tlian our own, although we candidly confessed we were beaten, 
without prevarication; which was not usually the case with the 
States people in the like situation. 



57 

It certainly is a very delicate thins^ to censure a commanding 
officer, particularly, one so popular and brave as General Riall; 
still, in this case, he acted hastily, neither did he employ all the 
means in his power. He sent awfiy the 1st regiment of militia in 
the morning, who were the best flankers in the country. The 
103rd regiment were laying at Burlington, 800 strong, which 
could have been down in two days. There were, likewise, all the 
militia of the country, which, when assembled, would have ensured 
success. Had they attacked us in the intrenchments, they would 
liave fought to a very great disadvantage. I came up in the eve- 
ning after the action, with a party of the troop; the men were 
obliged to lie out all night — every house being filled with the 
wounded. I stopped at Street's, and spent a very unpleasant 
night; many ofiicers were lying wounded, groaning with pain. 
Such was the result of tlie battle of Chippewa. 

In the morning, sent in a flag for the bodies of the ofticers kill- 
ed, particularly for the militia; as it would be a great satisfaction 
for the relatives of the deceased to have them j)roperly interred. 
They were refused. On thfe Tth every preparation was made for 
a retreat to Fort George; on seeing which the Indians made ofl'. 
This, with the return home of some of the militia, diminished our 
force so much, that our position could not be maintained witli- 
out the risk of another action, which would ruin us. 

Early in the morning I rode over to my father's, and hjid the 
most valuable things removed to Burlington, as I was confident 
our army would retire to the forts, which would leave the country 
completely exposed to the enemy. On my return, met the Indi- 
ans, who were robbing the farm yards In passing Mr. Crook's, two 
of them had broken into and plundered his store; got Wilkinson's 
assistance, and retook the goods after a hard struggle with the 
thieves. On my return found Mr. Ingersoll had come up; at 3 
o'clock the enemy opened a battery near the mouth of Lyon's 
Creek, and launched a few boats; had they succeeded, our retreat 
would have been cut off'. The incorporated militia just arriv- 
ed and formed in the road till the army passed on their way to 
the Falls, bringing everything away from Chippewa. Captain 
Hamilton and myself remained at Mrs. Wilson's till they had all 
come over. 

A party of dragoons were sent on to Colonel Clark's, which re- 
tired on our approaching towards them. In the evening we 
followed the army on to Fort George, Niagara. Our rear guard 
was left on the mountain for the night. The next morning I was 
sent to the 12 Mile Creek with twelve or fifteen dragoons, with 
directions to remain in the rear of the enemy and watch their 
movements. It was not certain at this time wliether their object 



68 

was Burlington, or to besiege the forts; in either case, I was to 
retire to Burlington, after making a comnuinicatiou with Fl.George. 

On the morning of the 9th 1 assembled my small party at the 
12 Mile Creek. My father had been sometime at Burlington, 
having sent away all the stock of the -farm; my sister went with 
him, leaving my mother and Susan at home; my mother could 
not be prevailed upon to leave the house. 

All ihe militia, excepting a few en the Chippewa road, retired 
to Burlington, drawing away their effects and stock, and leaving 
their families totally unprotected. The country never was more 
destitute than at this time. The States army advanced to Queens- 
ton, occasionally sending parries down the swamp road, and back 
into the country as far as Wilkinson's, Hall's and Collards. I 
kept up a communication with the forts, and a party at the Bea- 
ver Dams, occasit)nally advancing near Saint Davids, sometimes 
sleeping at one place, then at another, keeping a good lookout 
fur fear of a surprise. On the 11th I went into Fort George to ap 
ply for a larger party. 1 was detained there two days, then sent 
to Burlingttin to order down Colonel Scott, who had assembled 
all the militia of the country, Indians, &c. I returned the next 
morning — was four and a half hours going, and live hours return- 
ing, the same day. 

General Riall marched up to Ae 20 Mile Creek, with a party 
of the King's and Royals, and was there met by Colonel Scott, 
with 500 of the 103d, 600 militia, and 500 Indians. After a good 
night's sleep ,1 followed him next morning. Cornet McKenny 
came down with the greater part of the men. We were stationed 
in advance at Joseph Smith's — a party of militia under Adjutant 
Foster kept a lookout at Goring's. The first militia advanced to 
the 12 Mile Creek; after that 1 remained the greater part of my 
time at the 12; my princii)al object was attained, getting a 
party in advance of the 12 Mile Creek. 

The enemies marauding parties had not ventured that far yet, 
for hearing a party was there, they probably imagined it would 
be of some force, so far in advance of Burlington. Part of the 
Glengarrys arrived under Capt. Fitzgibbon, formerly of the 49th, 
who had so gallantly distinguished himself heretofore. On the 
15th, the first regiment of militia were stationed at the 10 Mile 
Creek; Brown's the 4th at Hutt's; other two at the Beaver Dams. 
The militia was daily skirmishing and driving in States' parties, 
who were plundering every house they could get at: they even 
plundered women of everything they had. The two last wag- 
gons were taken by young Ball, with a party who were carrying 
ofifsoft soap, after clearing the house of everything. The bewil- 
dered families were obliged to leave their homes, and place them- 
selves under the protection of the army. 



59 



A PAKTY OF 30 VOLUNTEER TO KECONNOITKE THE ENEMY. 



On the 15tli onr advance was stationed at Page's. On the 16th 
in the morning we had a smart skirmish, made a Cornet of their 
dragoons prisoner. In tlie evening onr party was ambushed on 
the hill next Saint Davids. We received two rounds from near 
200 of the enemj, within pistol shot; only one wounded, ar.d one ta- 
ken, young Wood ruft' and Thompson. On the 17th a large party 
came out and burned the village ol Saint Davids, where the AVood- 
ruff's and Secords lived. Tliey plundered it of everything they 
could carry away. On the 19th about 30 of the most robust and 
determined men in the militia, nine of whom were officers, volun- 
teered under Captain Fitzgibbon, as a corps of observation, to 
hang on the skirts of the enemy and annoy them by every possi- 
ble means. 

On the morning of thhe 20th we left the 12 Mile Creek for St. 
Davids; the day before the enemy had moved the army on to 
Wilson's and McFarland's, near Fort Georgo,as we suspected, 
with the intention of attacking it. We took possession of Queen- 
ton; the militia had been in and made a few prisoners early in 
the morning. The 1st and 2d regiments came down and sent 
word to General Riall acquainting him of the movements, think- 
]i](y he would proceed to the mountain, the best position in the 
country. The swamp on our left, the river on our right, the fort 
in our front, the army in the rear. However, instead of its being 
occupied, the militia were recalled. Our ])arty remained in 
Queenston during the night. Capt. Hamilton Brigham and myself 
went down to reconnoiti-e as far as Camp's; we fell in with their 
advance picket, and returned, keeping a good lookout during the 
nio-lit: on the morning of the 22d nine of us breakfasted at Smith's. 
A party of dragoons advanced while we wei-e at breakfast, which 
put us to the I'oute, and we made for the mountain as quickly as 
possible. Our sentries ttopped too long to fii-e at the dragoons, 
and were all taken prisoners. Captain Hamilton was surprised 
on the hill by a party of the dragoons, and was nearly overtaken, 
when we ran down and gave them a volley, which checked the 
pursuit. 

Powers, McGregor, and McCracken were in the advance, near 
Durham's; the dragoons had come upon them ui awares; McCrack- 
en j«mped down the bank, and lay concealed until the States ai my 
had passed within a few feet of Lim. The others made for the 
woods, half a mile off, the dragoons after them; McGregor first 
gained the feuge, but iusteud Q|''lea|iing it, tu^^ied ;-ouud au4 tired 



60 

at the enemy, who stopped, by which means they all escaped. 
The States army made for Queenston, with an intention of driving 
us from our position. "We gave them a few rounds, and they re- 
tired behind the stone buildings until the whole army came up, 
when they sent a party of riflemen round by Saint Davids for the 
purpose of cutting us off. On perceiving this we retired to the 
brow of the mountain to gain Saint Davids before them if possi- 
sible. I rode to Eose's, and sent an express for Major Secord to 
join us at that place. I gave my horse to Captain Hamilton, who 
had just recovered from a very severe fit of illness. 

On our approaching Saint Davids, we heard irregular firing; 
Lieut. Montgomery of the 103d and myself rode on to give our 
men intelligence of our approach, and to maintain the ground if 
possible. We rode across the field on the right of the creek, and 
naistook the States troops, who had made a rapid march, for our 
own militia; we galloped up to within fifty yards of them, before 
I discovered the mistake. A few militia in our rear gave a shout 
and ran up to our support in a most gallant and handsome style;. 
we wheeled to the left and right, and took opposite directions, 
which diverted their fire, and by good fortune we escaped, al- 
though we received tlie fire of at least 200 men. At the first dis- 
charge my horse fell in a hollow; I was about leaving him, think- 
ing he was shot; he fortunately jumped up.and Dore me off with 
not a little speed; on gaining the ruins of the village of Saint Da- 
vids Captain Fitzgibbon joined us. We kept the village about 
two hours, and finding they were not disposed to advance, we re- 
tired to the woods and formed an ambush, thinking they would 
follow us. Captain Thompson with about 12 men was on our 
right flank. 

Colonel Davis came round the mountain with 150 men, chiefly 
mounted, with a design of getting in our rear; we gave them a 
few shots, and killed a few horses, and routed them from their posi- 
tion; altering their course, they went down to the village, where, 
had we remained, we should have been surrounded. Directly af- 
ter we received an order from Colonel Perry to return to the 10 
Mile Creek. Captain Thompson joined us, and came on as far 
as Collard's, where he remained to dine, in company with his 
brother, Ensign of the 8th, Lieuts. Kyley, Simouds, Warren, 
and McCasley, of the militia: not dreaming of any danger, they 
were surprised by a party of 200 or 300 hundred men under the 
command of Colonel Wilcox. They came round by the moun- 
tain, got up and surrounded the house before theywere perceived. 
Thompson, Simonds. and McCasley ran up stairs with their riius- 
kets and fired out of the window, killing a dragoon, and wound- 
ing several horjses. They refused to surrender, viutil Capt. Harri- 



61 

son of the enemy's dragoons came and offered them quarter; they 
were abused and insulted in a most barbarous manner after being 
made prisoners. Wilcox and his party then made a hasty retreat 
after destrovins; the good man's house in the most wanton manner. 

We assembled our party at John Eessey's in the evening, which 
was reduced in numbers in one day to 11; the best of our men 
were prisoners. We were all disposed to give up the adventure, 
and return to our respective corps, but fearing they would laugh 
and ridicule our adventure, we determined on another excursion 
the following day. On the morning of the 23d McKenny joined 
Die. We took the road by Mrs. Tice's on reaching Robinson's: 
sent back our horses and went over to McMickin's — sent a scout 
by the road to inform the women we were near, and give us in- 
formation of the approach of the enemy. Shortly after, a boy 
came and informed us that several riflemen were plundering Al- 
exander's house. We ran over to the road, observing a few more 
of the enemy advancing by the same route; ran round the wheat 
field, and got opposite the church, when another boy came to tell 
us of the arrival of thirty dragoons. We took him with us fo fear 
of suspicion, and came round opposite Birch's, abreast of them, 
giving a whoop and volley at the same time; they broke, some 
running up and others down the road, dropping two or three fine 
sheep they had just stolen. The women sallied out, begging us to 
return, which we shortly did, as our numbers were too small to 
remain. 

We got a feed at Corwen's, went a new road back to Ball's, fell 
in with a few boys, and had some sport on the way. Next morn- 
ing we returned to headquarters with my father, who had sent for 
me to suppress a row with the men. I made out the muster rolls 
for tlie month, and was about returning, when Col. Drummond of 
the 104th regiment arrived from Kingston, and requested me to 
join him in a similar excursion, which I did, and promised my- 
self it should be the last I would ever volunteer. In the afternoon 
we received intelligence of the enemy having prepared to leave 
Queenston. 



BATTLE OF LUNDYS LANE. 

The army was put in motion at 8 o'clock, and I arrived with 
part of my troop at Lundy's lane at 3 o'clock on the morning of 
July 25, 1811. Colonel Pierson with the light brigade arriving 
shortly after, we proceeded on as far as Bridgewater. A few dra- 
goons were sent on as far as the Falls, to reconnoitre the camp at 
Chippewa. At S o'clock we fell biick on I^undy'g lape, leaving 



1 : 1 

62 

an advanced picket at Mrs. Wilson's; but at 5 o'clock the 
enemy was observed advancing: shortly after they diove in our 
advance pickets. The militia and li<^ht brigade were ordered to 
retreat, as the main army were several miles in the rear of 
Queenston and Saint Davids. General Drummond arriving, or- 
dered them back and made disposition for giving battle; the 
(ilengarrys and incorporated militia, 700 strong received the first 
lire in the woods, two hundred yards in advance; two six pound- 
ers were placed near the church on an eminence. The 8th regi- 
ment, 500 strong, with a dctatchment of the 1st Royal Scots that 
moment arrived|[and were placed in the rear of the guns. My men 
on the riglit, with orders to join the 19th on the left, in the 
Queenston road. The enemy, on approaching the field, filed oft" 
to the i-ight and left, exposed to tlie fire of the two field pieces, 
which did but little execution Amidst a sn-llino; fire from the 
Glengai-rys and militia, the enemy advanced up to the guns al- 
most unperceived, when a most gallant resistance was made by 
our men. The artillerymen were exposed to both our fire and 
that of the enemy; at length they were under the necessity of 
leaving their guns, which for a moment were in possession of the 
enemy. The dragoons on the left, under Major Lisle, retreated 
as far as Mnddy Kim, one and a half miles. The enemy's right 
outflanked us; and a company, shortly followed by a regiment, 
got possession of the road between the dragoons and the line in 
front. Major General liiall, receiving a severe wound in the 
shoulder, was taken returning by the road witli Captain Loring, 
aid de camp to General Drummond, and many other officers. 
At this time it was getting dark, so tliat it was impossible to dis- 
cover friends from enemies at twenty yards distance. 

The first regiment of militia under Major Robinson coming up 
at this moment, made a disposition of charging, in hopes of reta- 
king Major General Riall; the militia flanking him on the left, I 
was sent to corannmicate his intention to the troops on the hill to 
our right. On my return to join my troop, I went rather too 
much to the right, falling in with the enemy's 28th regiment. It 
was impossible to make an escape, as 1 was completely surround- 
ed; a few moments after firing commenced from our men on the 
hill. Captain Clarke was taken prisoner nearly at the same time. 
I was taken prisoner by six fellows wiio were skulking from the 
fire, which then raged with great fury. 

This put an end to my expeditions and observations of what 
was proceeding in our military arrangement. My favorite horse, 
Hyder Ally, was also taken; on passing Forsyth's on my way to 
captivity, 1 heard the fire renewed, as the 10th had just arrived, 
who drove the enemy completely oft' the field, leaving us victors. 
"iyroops jievor could h^ve beliaved with greatei; coolness and. Ipra- 



63 

very than ours. They fought against five times their numbers; 
The greater part ot the army was six miles in the rear when the 
action commenced. 

We were sent that night over to Schlosser, 14 in number, pris- 
oners. Major General Kial, wounded, Captains Loring, McLean, 
Nellis, Gore, Washbourne, Lieuts. Yonle, Frazer, Robins, WarfFe, 
Quartermasters Linn and Cairns, Ensign Kilborne, and Capt. W. 
H. Merritt, of the dragoons. 

Here we were joined in the morning by Captain Brown, Lieut. 
Ciine and Lament, Ensigns Lever and Montgomery, who were 
taken in the last part of the action; making in all, 19 officers, 
and 116 privates, taken prisoners. The greater part of the offi- 
cers were taken by mistaking the enemy for friends, in conse- 
quence of the darkness of the night. We were kept out all night 
ai'ound a fire; tents could not be provided until the morning. 
We were all very much fatigued; many had been for several 
nights without sleep. We were marched under a strong escort to 
Buffalo, twenty-four miles, so that on our arrival, we were com- 
pletely worn out. The officer who had charge of us I ca.inot 
speak much in favor of. We were sent to Pomeroy's Inn, where 
we procured a good supper for the first time, and took a very 
comfortable nap on the tables. 



61 



K'rom. my IVteirLoranduiTi I3ook Avliile a 
Prisoner in tlie States. 



Julj 27th, After breakfast we were marched to Major Millers 
tavern, two miles distant from Buffalo, where we had good fare; 
I saw my uncle William this morning, who was then residing 
here. Colonel Chapin was very attentive; I wrote from hence 
for my baggage to be sent over. We were here paroled for Green- 
bush; our guard was consequently dismissed. 

28th. We left at 10 o'clock with three waggons, for our place 
of destination; I saw Fuller. At 2 P. M. passed 4 Mile Creek, 
where we purchased some necessaries. Our company consisted 
of myself. Captains McLean, Nellis and Waslibourne, and 
Lieut. Warffe, with one servant; passed the prisoners under 
guard; a few slept at the inn; left this place at 6 o'clock in 
the morning; arrived at Batavia at 9 where we spent the 
day, in order to procure some essentials, and get our linen wash- 
ed, which was in a dirty state, we having had no change for a 
week — marching and sleeping in the dust and dirt. Here we fell 
in with Captains Grant, Thomson, Birch, and Bowman, Lieuts. 
Brooks, Riley, and Carley, Ensign Thomson of the 8th, and War- 
ren of the militia; five of them were taken a few days before us, 
by Wilcox, the traitor; the others were taken from their houses, 
contrary to a proclamation issued by Major General Brown, of 
United States Army. Batavia is a small village, with an arsenal 
a5id court house, fronting eacli other. 

30th. Having breakfasted, we moved on to Ganson's — made 
a short stay, saw Postel, one of my deserters, and many others 
from different regiments. I also met with Belden atthis place; 
made a short call at Smith's tavern, then passed the Genesee 
Eiver — remained a short time at the Inn, where we fell in with a 
brother of General Wadsworth's, who had the appearance of a 
complete gentleman. At our next stopping place we had an 
excellent supper, and very good accommodations. 

31sr. Passed Lyman's — saw Mrs Leonard, (who had been at 
my father's after the capture of Niagara, her husband being a 
prisoner) at Belden's, where I remained a few minutes to chat — 
walked two miles, and then breakfasted, when the landlady en- 



65 

tertaliied Us with politics during our meal; slic was a periedt 
— mazon. At 12 o'clock we reached Canandaigua; this is a beau- 
tiful piacG, surpassing anything we had seen on the road — a fine 
lake on the right; here Me halted for a short time. I was over- 
taken on the route, al^out ten miles further on, bv John llind^ 
my old school fellow, wlio had heard of my passing, and follow- 
ed on after me; he is a clerk in the bank, and alien to the States. 
On our route to Geneva we stopped at the half-way house, th^i 
jmshed on, arriving at Geneva about 8 o'clock in the evening; 
we put up at Church's Inn on the side of the lake. This is a 
frrowins: and handsome villacce. 

August 1st. I took the stage with McLean and Washbourne; 
we passed through a rough country; crossed Cayuga Bridge at 
10 o'clock, where we changed horses, and not before they were 
wanted. Captain Bennet not at home; he afterwards wrote to me 
Passed Auburn at 1 o'clock, a vast numbar of people assembled 
to see us. Arrived at Skeneatlas; fell in with Dr. Calvin, who 
was verv attentive, remained M'ith him the whole of the day, and 
spent a very pleasant evening. 

2d. The waggon came up'at 10 o'clock, we resumed our 
seats, moved to Onondaga Hollow; dined, and part of us proceed- 
ed to Manlius. 

3d. Took the stage, thirteen in number, by the Cherry Val- 
ley Turnpike; passed Cazonovia at 9 o'clock, changed horses. 
Dined at Litchfield, changed horses; at Martin's Inn met with 
Dr. John Prendergast; remained with him till the 5th, received 
every attention from him and family; visited Litchfield Spring. 

5t'h. Took the stage at 5 o'clock in the evening; took up my 
servant at Dr. Kash's, wdiere he had l)een remaining, sick, and 
proceeded to Eichardson's Stage House in Litchfield, in compa 
ny with young Kimble. Breakfasted at Cherry Valley, met with 
ail old man who used to live near Dr. Muirhead, Xiagara; heard 
of old Gisso; passed from thence ever a beautiful country; made 
a short halt at Schoharrie— fine covered bridge— fresh horses, . 
and proceeded to Albany, where we arrived at 5 o'clock, P. M. 
Last sta2:e drove too fast, carriage came near breaking down. 

7th. ^Visited the museum, reading room, public gardens, and 
everv public place; went to church. 

8th, Drew a bill on Goorge Piatt, Esq. of Montreal, in favor 
Dudley Welch & Co., of Albany, for £50. Met with Dr. Pren- 
dergast by accident, supped with him, (afterMards my father-in- 
law;) called on General Burbeek. 

9th. Met with Martin; called on Mr. Church; got some 
clothes and toggery. 



66 

lOtb. Met with some friends; put up at Candy's Connecticut 
Coffee House; very bad accommodations; part of our company 
went to Cheshire, our place of destination, forty miles east of Al- 
bany, and situated between hills. 

lith. Captain Luring arrived — got some money and a note 
from my father. Dr. Prendergast left Albany for Lansingbnrg 
in the afternoon; met with Dr. Douglas in the evening, whom 1 
had seen before in Niagara; had twenty dollars stolen from me 
by some miscreant; paid all wiy bills, and arranged for a move 
in the morning to Cheshire. 

12th. Left Albaiiv at 4 o'clock in the morninic with four ofti- 
eers and five other ])assengers ; crossed the ferry, proceeded 
through Green Bush, breakfasted and changed horses; passed 
Lebanon at 11 o^clock; visited the springs, walked up the hill, a 
most charming prospect.. There is a curious sect here called the 
Shaking Quakers, who never marry. Arrived at Pittsfield at 2 
o'clock in the afternoon; called on Major Mellville. agent for 
prisoners; gave in onr paroles, signed new ones for Cheshire, 
dined, and were con\'eyed to our place of destination in liglit 
waggons. On our arrival ]-cported ours(dves to Captain Brow)i; 
met our old iriends; put up at Wallcot's Inn. 

loth. Eemoved to Mr. Green's, where I slept, but had my 
meals at the Lm; iny servant, whom I had left :it the doctors ]n 
Albany, arrived in the evening. 

14th. Part of our company went to church, heard a Baj)- 
tist minister preach; his discourse was on everything; could not 
comprehend his meaning; an abundance of fine girls there. 

15th. Spent the day reading and playing cricket, which is the 
])rincijial diversion we have: had half and hour's chat with jNIis'* 
Brown; tlie remainder of the officers arrived to-day. 

16th. Mr. Cam])bell moA'ing his quarters, thus leaving an 
empty bed, wliich I occupied, in the same I'oom withj Major 
ibirke; nothing new. 

bSth. Hired a horse and took a ride with Dr. lioper round 
\\]o. country, which is very rough and hilly; it is, nevertheless, 
fertile; they make a great Cjuantity of cheese here. Captain 
Thompson arrived from Schenectady, where he was taken ill, on 
a visit; he bn»ught a Montreal paper containing an account of 
the action of the 2ot]i at Lundy's Lane. 

19th. Beceived news by a Buflalo handbill, of our having 
aiade an unsuccessful attempt on Fort Erie, with the loss of 50<) 
killed and wounded, and 300 taken prisoners. 

19th. Received the British official s:)atement of the action on 
the 25th at Lundy's Lane, extracted from the Montreal Gazette 



67 

reported ourselves to Captain Brown as usual. Captain James 
of the United States army is agent for tlie prisoners; he arrived 
from Pittslield, took an account of our travelling expenses, and 
dined with us; heav}- rains, wdiicli we have had the greater part 
ef the time; wrote to my father (via) Buffalo, enclosing the letter 
to Major Camjr, wrote Drs. Colvin, Strange, and Mahan, all 
enclosed to Maj. Melville, to forward t<. Wm.'Merrtit. No church 
this Sunday; visited our friends; in the evening a numher of la- 
dies assembled at the house to hear Mr. Warren play the Hute; 
their Sunday commences on Saturday evening, and closes Sun- 
day evening. We were distributed at the different houses as 
follows: 

At Walcot's. Cheshire village— Major Buck of the Sth, Capt. 
Thompson, Capt. Kerr. Indian Department, Capt. Grant, Dr. 
Koper. Ensign Mills, Quartermaster Kerr, Sth, Captain W. H. 
Merritt, drao'oons, Lieut. Vinecourt. marine artillerv, [at Green's] 
dines with us; each ]iaying five dollars a week for board ami 
washing, and two dollars each servant. 

At Hall's — thev have excellent accommodations — Capt. Daw- 
.-on, Lieut. Humphreys. Lieut. Maxwell of the 100th, Capt. Nel- 
lis, Lieut. Kom-c, K. N.. Lieut. Brown, and Midshipman Pad- 
more, R. N. 

At Brown's— Captain Brown. 103d. Capt. Gore, 89th. Lieut. 
Lament, 1st Royal, and Lieut Jewell. 

At Barclay's-^-Capt. Lander, Provincial Xavy, Capt. McLean, 
militia, Capt. W^ashbourne, Ensign AVaiffe. Ensign Kend)le, Lieut. 
Robins, Lieut. Simnjons, and Quartermaster Frazer. 4l5t. 

Lieut. Frazer. Royal Scotts, and Lieut. Cline live at a house 
over the meadow, half a mile oft". 

Mr. Rowe, Capt. Spilsberry, and Lieut Majoribank^. K. N., at 
Brown's, two miles off. 

At Brown's— Lieut. Carmdl. lootli. Lieut. Montgomery, l03d. 
a) id Lieut. Liner. 

Captains Birch. Brooks. Alexamler. Rose. Bowman. Hardison. 
Thompson. Lieuts. McCarfv and Rilev. and young Bownian. 
Captain Popham. R. IS", and Cai)tain Loriji, aid-de-camp to Gen. 
Drummond. Total 46. in aftd about the village of Cheshire. 

The village consists of eight or ten houses, on the leit of the 
road; the cliurch stands opposite on the right, where we have a 
green plain tor playing cricket; we are occasionally joined in tins 
amusement of the afternoon bv the gentlemen in the country. 

22d. Rose at (> o'clock; took a long walk with Captains Brown 
and Landon to the new glass house, mills, &c.; got a new pan- ot 
quoits, as the greater part amuse themselves with this game; 



68 

eome fishing in a beautiful clear brook that runs by the place; 
finished reading the life of Nelson; - campaign in Eussia" next 
read; taking an occasional peep into Ossian's Poems, '"the Wild 
Irish Girl," and many more miscellaneous books. Wrote Mahan 
another note for l)ooks, &c. by Mr Brown; Capt. Spilsberry 
walked to Pittsfield and back; no hopes of an exchange of ])ris- 
itners until tlie middle of October weather cold. 

i'od. A charming day; same return as formerly; playing 
({uoits, reading, &c.; finished Porter's narrative of the campaign 
in Russia, wliich is certainly worth the perusal, the account of 
the action of Borodino in particular, exceeds anything I ever read. 

24:th. Wrote to uncle William; heard a funeral sermon by 
Klder Miles, on the death of a child; fine weather; received the 
Albany papers; nothing new; extracts from private letters men- 
tion our unsuccessful attack on Fort Erie, with the loss of 1000 
men altogether, and Colonel Drummond of the 104th regiment; 
received boots, leggins, &c. from Mr. Mahan, of Albany; rain in 
the afternoon; Navy officers spent the evening with us. 

25th. Pleasant weather; one month since I was made a pris- 
oner; a long time it appears to me; read the newspapers, strolled, 
returned and enjoyed a good dinner. 

26th. Took a long walk on the mountain; Capt. Loring arri- 
ved from Albany; cricket in the afternoon; received Albany pa- 
pers containing General Gaines' report of the assault on Fort 
Erie; sad news for us; called upon Captain Brown as usual; Ma- 
jor Melville's clerk came up on business; wrote to Major Neil; 
sent to Albany for a pair of boots, received them by Wm. Grace; 
enclosed a ten dollar bill for payment of them; a suspicious fel- 
low by the name of Holland came here to-day, saying he was a 
British Spy, and applied to us for some money, particularly to 
Captain Loring, whom he had seen in Pittsfield; no attention was 
paid to him by us. 

27. In the morning Major Melville's clerk came up to see us, 
and informed us of this fellow; Major Melville came and took him 
to Pittsfield; Captain Thomas, TJ. S. A., arrived from Fort Erie, 
he told us more stories than we wished to hear; commenced rain- 
ing at 4 o'clock, and rained all night; read " I says, says I," 
'' Exiles of Siberia," '' Effects of Passion," &c. 

28th. Heavy rain all day; spent the afte.inoon with Captain 
Dawson; party in the evening; heard many anecdotes, particu- 
larly of Mrs. Norton's affairs; creek rose very high; carried off 
the cotton numufactory at Adamstown. 

29th. Took a long ride in the morning with Mr. Rowe, of the 
Navy^ visited Mr. Mills, waggon maker; cricket in the afternoon; 



1 69 

received an mibwcr to the letter 1 wrote to ^lajor Melville on the 
27th; Mr. Foster brought a report [from Pittsiield of Lord Hill 
haviug- taken possession of Washington; to celebratt- the event, 
we had a dinner party which lasted till 19 o'clock. 

80th. This dav we commenced whist plavinu". to kill tinu-; 
walked out with Mr. Vinecomb to Liner's and Montgonierv's 
«|uarters to breakfast; Captain Gore, who has been ill for some 
time, is recovering; received the handbills from the Pittsliekl 
8un, and extracts from the Kew York Commercial Advertiser, 
saying the l>ritish army under Lord Hill, 13000 strong, had pos- 
session of Washington City; the States people had one General 
killed; and a regiment annihilated; the editor says, no quarter 
should be given to an invading army; he does not appear to re- 
collect their invasion of Canada, that unfortunate province, which 
they have never ceased to annoy since the declaration of war, al- 
though the population does not exceed half a million, whereas 
our army is invading a nation of ten millions, who declared war 
at a time when we were fighting for the liberties of the world. 

31st. People all in commotion about their capital; conjectures, 
doubts, fears and hopes in the minds of all. I took a ride to Mr. 
Wells', had a long discussion on politics with the daughter, who 
is a real democrat and a little demon; I sympathized with her 
on the loss of the capital; our old routine — eating, drinking, ram- 
bling, with the addition of a horse-race, which ended the day. 

Sept. 1st. The billiard table arrived this morning from Alba- 
ny; yesterday 1 saw Mr. Baker, of Colonel Wilcox' corps, from 
Fort Erie; he came out to visit the place of his nativity; wrote 
General Berbeck respecting our baggage; cricket, and a dance 
in the evenino- among ourselves. 

2d. Pleasant weather; Capt. Dawson sent a man to Pittstield; 
a ride to the limits before breakfast; up late last night; Captain 
Elliot and Lieut. Gardner 41st regiment arrived here, they were 
taken prisoners on the 15th at Fort Erie, the most unfortunate 
business that happened us during the w^ar. 

3d. Called upon Capt Brown and reported ourselves as usu- 
al; nothing new or interesting took place this day. 

4th. A serious quarrel between Kerr and Roper; Capt. Daw- 
son removed from Hall's to Brown's; I took his room and remov- 
ed to Hall's, where we had a far better table; no church. 

5th. Took a long ride with Capt. Loring round the country; 
received an extra Gazette from the Argus, mentioning our hav- 
ing received 60,000 barrels of flour from Alexandria, and carry- 
ing on operations against Fort Erie with vigor. Mr. Kacy arriv- 
ed to pay us a visit, and slept at our quarters; Major Melville 



70 

sent Captain Janierf I'ur Mr- Racey at four in the afternoon; 
would not allow Lira to remain with us; he still remains an alien 
in the States; running horses in the afternoon, dancing and cards 
in the evening. 

6th. Rain again; fine weather; Kerr removed to our (juarters; 
received the Aiijany Gazette witli General Gaines' despatch of 
our repulse at Fort Erie; a report is likewise in circulation of the 
Plattsburg army having removed to the Niagara frontier; Gen. 
Gaines most shamefully accuses Colonel Drummond of refusing 
to <i;ivc quarter; I have made considerable progress in billiards. 

7th. We have each subscribed two dollars, which makes our 
playing very cheap; we have established a small fund for amuse- 
ments in different ways; Lieut Bobbins continues very ill; sent 
to Pittsiield tor Dr. Childs, who pronounced him dangerously ill. 

8th. One montli since I wrote from Albany; have heard noth- 
ing of my baggage or horse; waiting to see Major Melville, to 
make a regular application through him to General Brown. Capt. 
Jarats gave us every encouragement on the oth of a speedy ex- 
change "of prisoners: now he knows. I am not a judge; fair weath- 
er; dull times. 

.J 9th. Took along ride, played billiards, and strolled about, 
read, and at last drowned my cares in the arms of Morpheus; 
a party kept up drinking until 2 o'clock, to the great annoyance 
of all the connnunity. 

10th. Attended the levee as usual, entered our names, went 
out fishing with Captain Elliot; had but a poor days sport: liob- 
bins continues to be in danger: Dr. Roper not recovered from 
his black eye. 

10th. AVe were all in an unusual flow of spirits in the morn- 
ing; it was sadly and most effectually curbed at o o'clock in the 
afternoon, by the death of poor Robbins; proper medical aid 
could not be obtained for him in time: he fell, almost a victim 
to his own imprudence; spent the day I'eading. 

12th. A thick foggy morning; sent my servants to bring in 
all the officers to attend the funeral of our friend; had a man 
dispatched t't Major Melville, thinking he would send out a par- 
ty and have him interred- with the honors of war; he was not at 
home, therefore our request was not attended to; the minister ar- 
rived at 2 o'clock, and we buried him at o. I was one of the pall 
bearers; prayers were read, and everything done for him in our 
power. The militia were called out for the purpose of sending a 
draft to Boston; an attack apprehended there; the party carous- 
ing all night. 

13th. Rainy day; nothing new; quite unwell. 



71 

14th, Report of the capture of our Heet on Lake Champlain; 
our taking Castine, Belfast, and blowing up the John Adams 
frigate; repulsing them at Michillimackinac, and getting oif from 
Alexandria without any loss; likewise an order for destroying all 
the seaport towns assailable, in retaliation for their wanton des- 
truction of our villages and private property in Upper Canada: 
(xeneral Brisbain invading Vermont State. 

16th. Received a letterf ronimy father by Lieutenant Hall, 
of the T'nited Stat&s Artillery, who'had been at his house; 1 like- 
wise heard of the death of Mr. Thompson; rode out to the Mint 
House; Capt. Popham arrived from the springs, making eight of 
us in the house; playing whist and chatting till 4 o'clock in th(; 
morning; rainv night. 

16th.' Yerv dull weather; wrote to my father by Lieut. Hall, 
who is going to Fort Erie, also to General Gaines, concerning m v 
horse; atten'ded the levee; a company of artillery men met at this 
place tolerably well appointed;' Capt James came uj); Major 
Melville has not yet made his appearance. 

17th. Church" on Sunday; weather cold. 

18th. Three or four companies of the militia met again to-day; 
they made an awkward appearance; horse racing in the evening; 
weather cold; received a confirmation of the loss of our fleet on 
Lake Champlain. our retreat from Baltimore and^Plattsburgh; 
the latter force said to consist of 14000 men under 'General Pre- 
vost; Major Melville came out: received my valise of clothes and 
twentv-iive dollars from him; most of the officers drew up a pe- 
tition,' sent it to Colonel Barclay, British agent, for leave to return 
on parole; Major Melville promised to write about the applica- 
tion made to him; I wrote to Strani^e; rain again; Major Mel- 
ville returned to Pittsfield; very anxious, expecting a letter Iroin 
Albany; weather fine. Wrote to Strange and Dudley Welch & 
Co. bv voung Brown, who proceeded direct for Albany; Imished 
reading" since mv last, -Ossian's Poems." "Slave of Passion,*" 
" Discarded Som a tale from Wester," -Exiles of Siberia,'' " vVihi 
Irish Boy," "Camille." '-Young Mother,*' and " I says, says I; 
it is well I have committed their titles te paper, as I will thus re- 
member having read them, although I cannot mention a sentence 
in either, except the story of Cordelia, in the '• Discarded Son, 
which particularlv struck my fancy; spent the afternoon with 
Captains Popham and Dawson; this is the sixtli week I iiave 
passed in Cheshire; fair weather, cool; attended the levee as usual, 
being the sixth time. 

23d. Wet, cold, rainy weather; went to church; Elders Len- 
lan and Roach held forth to a very large congregation; a numbej- 



'7*: 



72 

of beautiful girls tiiure;jthis day two mouths 1 bad the misfortune 
to be made prisoner; received a letter from Albany; verv much 
(b'sappcinted at not having heard from E, — , t\vo months, nearly, 
expiring sinec I first Avrote; the navy officers arrived, who were 
taken on Lake Champlain; they attribute their failure to the ill 
conduct of the men in the ship, who deserted the guns and would 
uot light; it is the first instance I ever heard of British sailors 
failing in courage; Mars of late lias deserted*our arms, we ap- 
pear to be unsuccessful ])oth by sea and land; cold, raw, and 
unpleasant w'eather, it has been very changeable since our arrival, 
one day we have to keep fires, the next is ver\^ warm, most of the 
time rain. The number of officers of all descriptions who have 
arrived here since I came is twenty-two; General Riall and Cap- 
tain Wilson have arrived at Pittsfield. 

27th. Rode out and examined the glass works of Messrs. Hall 
&: Co.; a Scotchman by the name of Richmond has the manage- 
ment; the maintenance of the establishment is attended with a 
very great expense; the clay for building and the tubs to melt 
the composition in are brought from the Delaware River, it be- 
ing the only place in the country where it can be procured: the 
fire stones come from New York, the blowers were all from Scot- 
land, brought out by Richmond; they are now working at the 
stone cutting; they consumes fifteen cords of wood per day; ex- 
pense of building seventy thousand dollars. 

28th. This dav two months I wrote from Buffalo; commenced 
on a new source "of amusement, running, jumping, &c.; weather 
fine; won a bet of McClean, who was to take uj) a hundred stones 
at one yard apart one by one, in fifty minutes. I took a long- 
ride; Captain Loring went to Pittsfield; this is the seventh week 
T have passed in Cheshire; lost a bet on myself running against 
Lamont; all manner of exercise, leaping, foot-ball, (fee. at Brown's, 
father of Mrs. Rowe; attended the levee as usual ; received a 
letter from Major Melville enclosing three other, which gave in- 
finite satisfaction, although I have no hopes of our exchange; 
Major Melville's conduct is gentlemanly in the extreme. 

October 1st. General Riall and Captain Wilson paid us a 
visit; no hopes of an exchange of prisoners; General Riall VA'as of 
opinion we should be sent to England, as we were sending their 
officers there from the seaboard; no answer to our application 
for leave to return on parole. 

2d. Employed part of this da\' in writing; did not attend di- 
vine service as usual, rather a dull day; rode out in the afternoon; 
Capt. Popham left me his horse to ride whenever I thought 
proper.* 



19 

Mi Spent the day in readitig, writing, and riding; foot-ball 
was introduced this evening for the first time, very severe exer- 
cise; sent my letter to Major Melville to forward. Spent the dav 
as usual; violent heat at laot-ball in the evening. Yesterday 
Nellis drew a bill on Montreal; borrowed seventy-five dollars oi" 
him, less twenty, which I had given -him in a gold eagle; in 
the evening we played at speculation, 1 was very fortunate; en- 
tertained by the militia firing muskets till 2 oclock, as they were 
passing to a general review at Windsor, we, in retaliation, sang 
'•God save the King," " "Rule Britannia," and all the patriotic 
songs we _^could' think of; disturbed our conirads at Walcot's, for 
which they were about petitioning for our removal, a measure 
earnestly desired by all of us. Remarkably fine weather which 
we have enjoyed for some days past. 

Took a long ride; the post brought the j)leasant information of 
General Drummond's remaining at Chippewa. We had before 
heard that he had retreated to Fort George; in that case the 
whole of the frontier would have been exposed to an invading 
army, and every house within their reach would doubtless have 
been plundered. 1 was under apprehension for my dear 
mother and sisters, as they, in common with the rest, would have 
been totally unprotected, for every man would have followed 
with the army. I trust and jjray that the troubles in our unfor- 
tunate country will soon be at an end. We hear that Sir Geoi-ge 
Prevost is at Kingston with the major part of the army; our 
new ship is completed and out, wliich gives us the command of 
the lake; we mav shortlv look out for a decisive blow on some 
part of the frontier, 

tJth. Rain last night, cold during the day; tlie greater part of 
the inhabitants going to Pittsfield Fair, which is to last three 
days; nothing new from the Pittsfield papers; received one we 
subscribed for. we also sent for the Albanv Gazette, Georgetown 
Federal Republican, New York Examiner, and Boston Gazette; 
many other papers were taken by the otlier officers, so that we 
have a complete reading room on post day:^. which are Wednes- 
day, Thursday, and Saturday. 

'7th. Cold disagreeable weather, reports in circulation of Sir 
George Provost making a descent near Sacketts Harbor; a coup- 
le of gentlemen were sent to see the prisoners, from Albany; at- 
tended the levee as usual, the eighth time since my arrival at 
Cheshire; in the evening the greater part of our gentlemen were 
whole seas-over, it being the end of the quarter established by 
Mr. Hall. 

8th. Church in the morning, the Elder's sermon not very ed 
ifying; a large concourse of people, many beautiful girls. 



u 

9tii. Long walk in the eveiiiug; cold: tliis iky a year ago Ut' 
i-etreated froin the Cross Koads. Fair weather; Lieut. 'Robinson 
and another naval officer arrived from Montreal; had been i)a- 
roled to return in time from Plattsbura-: they lu-ought out very 
disastrous tidin.o-s, mentioned that Sir George Prevost had sent 
his army into winter quarters, instead of being at Saeketts Har- 
bor as reported. The prisoners weo were taken in the last sortie 
at Fort Erie, were paroled at Stockbridge, (a very tine village on 
the opposinc side of Pittsfield) except Major Yalette, who was 
allowed to remain at Lansingbura'h. Major Burke, Thompson, 
and Keane. King's Eeginient, had permission to go back to Stock- 
bridge, as some of their otticers were there, they left at 10 o'clock; 
I accompanied Major Burke to the limits, parted from liini with 
regret, as he was a very gentlemanly and good man — he lodged 
in the same room with me . so I became mucli attacked to him; 
wrote Mathewson of the Kinu-'s, desirinir him to inform me if he 
knew or had heard anytliing about my family since my leaving 
the lines; nothing new; received the New York Examiner and 
Albany Ga^^ette; dined with Lander, Gardner, and Thrower. 

Tins is the second month I have passed in the village, during 
which period I have not exceeded the limits prescribed in my 
parole in the minutest article. Humphreys, the shoemaker, ar- 
rived from Albany; very happy to find there is a strong pros- 
j)ect of peace. Lord Hill's expedition to America detained in 
consequence of the di.-patches sent to the British Government by 
the Plenipotentiaries. 

Fine weather; LIumphrey's, the bootmaker made his appear- 
ance again; nothing ncM" or interesting; moping over Blackstone's 
commentaries two-thirds of my time; finished Homer's Iliad. 

14th. The ninth levee over; a continuation of good weather; 
kite flying all the rage at present; most of our other games near- 
ly fallen through; sent some time ago for Paul Clement, heard 
nothing yet; gave John Gould ten dollars when in Buffalo. 

loth. Cold unpleasant day; let Warren have twelve dollars, 
which he is to repay in Canada. Visited Spilsberry and Hum- 
phreys; wrote Mahon, enclosed four dollars for cigars; no news; 
cold and raw weather. Rode out with Loring; passed the re- 
mainder of the day writing and reading; getting quite tired of 
Cheshire and its beautiful scenery. Received the paper, which 
confuted all the idle rumors whe had heard of peace; am sorry 
to find there is not the most distant prospect of it; neither side 
appear inclined to make overtures; the war will be carried on 
with increased vigor. Heard there was a letter in the post ofiice 
for me, at Ghent; cold, and nothing new. Wrote Major Melville 



75 

asking him to be kind enough to forward my letter; attended 
the tenth levee. 

General Kiall and Mr. Moore, formerly agent for prisoners, 
paid us a visit. Captain Dawson was attacked and made pris- 
oner by the Sheriff for forcing a drivey of a waggon to convey 
Lieut. Murray of the lOOth regiment to his quarters; Dawson re- 
fused to give bail or pay the damages; the gentleman therefore 
left him; went to church, the minister did not attend, an oration 
was delivered by an old man of 72 years of age: cool but 
pleasant weather; rode into the conntry; an affray took place 
between Lieut. Hicks, of the Royal N^avy, and a citizen; Hicks 
ijivino- him a <:cood thrashine; for kicking his dog. Hicks was ar- 
rested early tliis morning, taken before two justices of tlie peace, 
and bound over to appear at the assizes, refusing to give bail, he 
was sent to the Lenox jail. 

Three months have passed away since 1 was made pris- 
orer, and no prespect whatever of an exchange; wrote Douglas 
of jSTew York by Major Leland of this place. Took a long walk 
round the square — we exercise, daily, as much as we can bear 
with ease — rose in the morning between 8 and 9 o'clock, read 
till breakfast, played a rubber of billiards, wrote until 12 o'clock, 
read till 2 o'clock, walked about until 4 o'clock, dined at 4, sat an 
hour, strolled about until T o'clock, in tlie evening played whist, 
read until 11 o'clock, get to bed at 12; all getting more temper- 
ate; this is the employment of the day, <»ver and over, again and 
again; if it were not for books, we should die of spleen. Yester- 
day Major Melville sent Captain Janies out to enquire into the 
case of Hicks. 

Having finished my minutes from memory of the events in 
L'pper Canada since the war commenced, I will now give a des- 
cription of the ofKcers. naval and military, detained in Cheshire, 
as prisonersof war. 

The first batcli of officers, pi'isoners at Cheshire, about 40 miles 
east of Albany: Captains Popham and Spilsbury, Lieuts. Kowe, 
Loveday and Brown, Midshipmans Logie and Padmore, all of 
the navy; were taken prisoners on the 31st of May, at Sandy 
Creek, l3etween Oswego and Sacketts Harbor. _ Capt. Pophani 
had been sent to intercept the guns fur the United States shi]) 
building at Sacketts Harbor, having received intelligence that 
they were on the way from Oswego to Sacketts Harbor. Capt. 
Spilsbury was out cruising at the same time; both of them met 
at the mouth of Sandy Creek, where the States boats had run uy 
for shelter. Popham' took Spilsbury with him, which made their 
force a very respectable one, as they had all the boats of the 



m 

fleet, two guu doats, and a 68 pounder in one; they pursued the 
enemy nearly two miles up the creek, which Avas very narrow; 
the States troops surrounded them with riflemen and Indians, 
capturing the whole party, after a most gallant resistance. The 
two marine officers M-ere^ mortally wounded, one midshipman 
killed, and nearly one-third of the whole crew. Capt. Popham 
IS a steady, brave, and I think, a good man, and is very much 
chagrined at being captured, as the whole responsibility rested 
on Jiim; he was blamed for following them up so narrow a creek. 
Tlie object certainly justiiied the attempt, as all, or most of th(,' 
enemy's guns were there for the new ship; had he not gone, he 
would have been censured for not attempting the enterprise. 
What he did, he did for the best. The Wolf was slightly dama- 
ged at Oswego. 

Captain Spilebury couimanded the Royal George, and was 
sent with some boats to watch the harbor; hearing of the convoy 
as he was rowing up to meet them, he fell in with Captain Pop- 
ham, who took him under his care; he was likewise fearful of 
censure for quitting his cruising ground. Spilsbury was made 
Master and Commander since he came out to the lakes; he was 
one of Sir James Yeo's chosen officers, and came out with him; 
he is a brave, determined fellow, and was among the last that 
surrendered at Sandy Creek. He is nic-named the Tin Pot man. 
for being close; though I think much to his credit, as he had an 
aged mother and one or two children entirely dependent on him 
tor support, for whieh he has contributed part of his pay, ever 
since he has been in the navy. He is a blunt, good natured sai- 
lor, full of life and action, and can endure any hardship. 

Lieut. Majoribanks was confined, or rather 1 heard of it a few 
days after liis capture. lie was a particular favorite witli Sir 
James Yeo; a hardy, enterprising, and brave Scotchman; he was 
with Sir James at Mnrves — one of his choice 500. He is open, 
liberal, humorous. 

Acting Lieutenants Rowe, Brown and Loveday; Kowe almost 
made his escape near Sandy Creek; he had all his boat's crew 
killed or wounded, and himself on the point of losing his scalp, 
an Lidian had hold of his hair, when an officer saved him. lie 
is a small, good looking young man, quick tempered, high spir- 
ited, very liberal and good hearted. 

Brown is a perfect seaman, having been in the navy 12 or 14 
years; a brave, wild, wicked fellow, the first in all mischief, 
never thinks of the consequences till it's over, fond of carousing. 
^Notwithstanding which, he has many good qualities — openheart- 
ed, liberal, a warm friend, and fit for any enterprise whatever. 



11 

as a, seaman. A young man, well made, with I'ed hair, full of 
anecdote. Both live at this house. Kowe keeps good hours, in 
bed at 9 o'clock. Brow^n generally in bed by 12 o'clock. 

Loveday is an Englishman, sallow complexion, not a favorite 
with the officers, owing to his having a more distant way than 
the others. 

Logie and Padmore, Midshipnica. Logie is a Guernsey man, 
and has been a long while at it, (wounded twice) having no inter- 
est, no promotion; has a dark complexion, small man, about 30 
yoars of age, inofiensive, a good kind of a man. 

Padmore is a New Providence, West Indian; an intelligent, 
tall, good looking young man, temperate and prudent; lives in 
same house Avith me. 

Yesterday wrote my father, via Buft'alo; to Piatt, Montreal, 
and Walsh, Albany, by Mr. James Sparrow, who has taken our 
bill, and is in the habit of dealing in Montreal. ]^o news, ex- 
cept our capturing two schooners of the enemy on lake Huron ; 
attended the eleventh levee. Major Melville came out and paid 
us our monthly subsistence. Mr. Sparrow did not deliver the 
letters to Major Melville, consequently the one to father will 
miscarry; received an answer from R. of a prior date to the last; 
wrote an answer and sent it by the post. 

28th. Fair weather. Wrote two letters to iny father, one by 
Buffalo, the other by Montreal; a flag of truce goes to the Lower. 
Province in a day or two. Took a solitary walk, and turned in. 

The next party that came prisoners, were Captain Dawson, 
Major Burke, 8th Kings, Lieuts. Humphreys and Maxwell, En- 
sign Campbell, and LiWt. Vinecomb, R. 'N., all taken on the 3d 
of July in Fort Erie, by General Brown. The States troops 
landed in the evening of the 2d of July, in two divisions, one at 
Black Rock, the other at Snake Hill, and immediately surround- 
ed the fort. A* few shots were flred on the morning of the 3d at 
tlie fort. The Major, knowing that it was not tenable, called a 
council, or rather, got the opinion of most of the officers, and sur- 
rendered from motives of humanity; to hold out would have 
been a useless sacriiice of men's lives. Notwithstanding, many 
of them refused, and called out to defend it to the last extremity. 

Major Burke is a mild, honorable, and pleasant man, rather 
small, but good looking, of a good family — he has gone to Stock- 
bridge. Captain Dawson is a most good natured and pleasant 
fellow, fond of a good hoax, and a married man. Humphreys 
is very handsome, and a perfect ladies' man. Maxwell is quite 
the reverse; a stout and most determined man, all Irish, and 
was opposed to the surrendering of Fort Erie till the last; pos- 



78 

sessin"- every necessary qualilication, lie is as well fitted for a 
soldier's life*^as is possible for a man to be. Camjjbell is a per- 
fect beauty, small and young. Vinecorab is a very fine steady 
younw man, employs his time in reading-, writing, &c., and makes 
the nTost of it; very temperate; in short, lie possesses every^good 
quality. J). Roper, mate, is now in Coventry with the ofiicers: 
all being displeased with liim— he is an unfortunate young man, 
for v.diich I am sorry to say he lias himself alone to blame. 

The next that were taken were Mr. Alex. Merchant, Birch, 
Erooks, Hardiman, Ploie, Bowman and son — inhabitants and 
militia ofiicers of U]iper Canada, who, having families, and rely- 
ino; on the faith of General Brown's proclamation, remainded at 
home, and were taken away from their houses, a proceeding 
without a precedent before the States people adopted the measure, 
which they will yet have cause to regret. They are all good in- 
habitants; the latter was wounded in the action of the 5th of 
July, at Chippewa. Mr. Merchant was taken with his father. 

3'lst. Halloween. The servants all had a drunken frolic. 
Dined with Captain Popliam. Established a band under the 
patronage of Jimmy Brown; himself and Thompson, violins. 
Elliot and Warren; flutes, Loring, Kerr, Brown, Lyser and Mer- 
ritt, bazoons on the back of combs, Padmore, French Horn, 
Grant, whistle on the back of a knife, Vinecomb, bass drum; the 
medley all chiming in at the proper time, makes a tolerable per- 
formance. We have a regular concert every Saturday night 
winding up with a ball; admittance 2.5 cents; Spilsbury and 
Humphreys take the part of ladies. 

November 1st. The next party taken were Capt. Thompson, 
Lieut. Riley, Ensigns Simmonds, McCasley, Warren, Thompson, 
all our Queen ston'breaklast party were taken prisoners— on tlie 
24th of July, on our returning from Saint Davids^ to the 10 Mile 
Creek, they remained at Collard's to get some refreshmeut^ not 
dreaming of the enemy, when they were surprised by Col. Wilcox, 
with a party of 300 or 400 men. Captains Thompson^ and Sim- 
monds, and"^ Riley ran up stairs, and fired out of the window; the 
enemy rushed into the house, and made all below prisoners; the 
party above refused to surrender till they were promised quarter, 
which was granted. They killed a dragoon and wounded some 
horses They were treated in a most barbarous manner, when 
the enemy g'ot them in their possession. Captain Grant was ta- 
ken by tlie same party, at the same time. No post; the first time 
it has" been missing since my arrival. Fair weather. Famous 
horse racing, the favorite, Gypsy, (as usual) beats them' all very 
easily. 



T9 

1 shall here say somethiug about the "eiitiemeii last mentioned. 
Captain Thompson is a native of iJs^ew Brunswick, a man of most 
exemplary morals, a mild, good temper, and jjossessed of more 
fortitude than <>-eiierally falls to the lot of mankind; is a true and 
affectionate Inisband; in short, I think he lias not a l)ad quality 
about him; there are three brothers in the family, the youngest 
was wounded a day or two before lie was taken; tlie other is with 
him. A few days since tiiey hard oftlie death of their father, 
which lea\'es the family helpless. Ensign Thompson is a brother; 
a good natured and most determined follow, and has been in al- 
most every skirmish on the frontier. Simmonds is an active 
young man. Riley a steady, good man. McCasley is an elderly 
plain man, more Utted for his farm than for the army. Young 
Warren is an active, jovial, handsome young man. 

Captains Bird and Wilson, of the Royals, were severely wound- 
ed and taken on the same day; both remained at Pittsfield. Cap- 
tain William Kerr, of the Indian department, who remains in the 
same house with me, is a very fine young man, tall and handsome, 
and has been very active since the war commenced. 

The next list of unfortunates, were those taken in the action of 
the 25th of July, at Lundy's Lane, namely: General Rial], of the 
104th; Captain Loring, Aid-de-Camp to General Drummond; 
Capts. Brown, 103d; Gore, S9th; McLean, I. M; Washbo\nne, 
Militia; Nellis. Lincoln: Lieuts. Yule, R. E.; Erazer, 103d; Scott, 
103d; Liner, 103d; Kilbourne, 103d; Kean, 8th; Cline, 103d; 
Lamont, 8th; Montgomery, 103d; Waiffe, 103d; Q. M. Thrower, 
1:1st; Ensign Robbins, Glengarys; making in all a score with 
myself, besides Q. M. Bell of the militia, who in attempting his 
escape, was wounded and left behind. 

General Riall is an Irishman, very brave, near sighted, rather 
short, but stout. Is thought by some rather rash, which, by the 
by, is a good tanlt in a General officer. Loring is clever in the 
cabinet, cool and determined in the field. Brown, a stout Irish- 
man, steady, with plenty of brogue, is a good tempered, jovial 
fellow. Gore, a very gentleinanly, active, and handsome man. 
Merritt, in bad spirits. McLean, a hasty but good young man. 
Washbourne, married a few days before he was taken, is dying 
for his wife; Nellis also. It is certainly much to their credit and^ 
honor that they left their young wives, and entered the lists of 
combattants so soon after marriage. Yule is a studious young 
man. Cline, an elderly man, and one of Bacchus' disciples. 
Frazer, a steady, brave Highlander. Lamont, a good looking 
young man, vaiii and consequental. Montgomery, as brave and 
fine a little fellow as can be. . Liner, a fine young man. Waiffe, 



so 

i-atiier mild. iCilboilnie is elderly, fond of looking ili the wlas^^ 
and admiring himself. Thrower, a passionate gentleman. Kearn, 
a o-ood tempered, elderly man. Poor Robbins was a brave, jovi- 
al and wild fellow, which occasioned his death. Old Commo- 
dore — Capt. Lander, a very good, jovial man; was taken in the 
summer, in a gun boat, below Kingston; he has been used uncom- 
monly ill by the States people. 

3d." A fall of snow in the morning; a fair turnout of sleighs; 
papers arrived here conveying intelligence of the States army re- 
tiring to Fort Erie, which is truly pleasing news. The campaign 
lias ended as usual, unfavorably to the United States arms; as 
thev are not in possessionof a foot of land iu Canada. A fine 
day. Heard of Major Melville's going to tlie lines; supposed to 
be'in order to effect an exchange of prisoners. The rehearsal this 
evening was prevented by Brown, the sailor, setting off a stink pot 
in the room. 

This day a most vigorous effort was made to make up a dan(i^ 
in the evening, which, after many confabs with the fair, was et 
fected. It began with a concert, dancing was kept up till 12 
o'clock, we then set off the fireworks iu commemoration of the 
day, (Guy Fawkes.) Our party not so large as we expected, ow- 
iuo- to the bad state of the weather. However, it passed oft' very 
well — about ten or twelve ladies; and as tlie spell was broken, 
thev finding nothing dangerous iu British oflicers, promised to at- 
tend in future. Balls are therefore proposed to be given every 
fortnight. 

Maxwell received a dangerous wound in leaping a few days 
ago; he is somewhat better. Attended the 12th levee; wrote and 
obtained permission for Goold, Woodruff*, arid some others of the 
militia to come out and work at this place on parole. Major Mel- 
ville has not gone to the lines as above reported; rode out in the 
morning; dined with Popham. 

Dull wet day. A town meeting was held at this place for tht- 
purpose of electing a Representative for the county of Berkshire, 
of which this is a part. 

0th. Wet rainy weather. Wrote Major Melville, enclosing a 
letter for M. Walton and Mrs. P., of Litchfield. Fine weather; 
no news; Major Yalette arrived from Albany and Lansingburgh. 

The next action after the 25th, was the sortie from Fort Erie, 
which had a most tragical termination. Our loss was very severe. 
Captains Elliot and Cokeley, 103d, formerly of the Q. M. Gener- 
als department, (the latter badly wounded) were taken prisoners 
that day; Lieut. Murray, 100th,' wounded; Lieut. Gardner, 45th, 
wounded; Midshipman Hyde, leg broken. Elliott is a most dar- 
ing, enterprising, and active officer. Cokeley I have not seen; 



81 

beinof danoerouslv wounded, he remained with his friend Butler 
at Lansingburg. Murray is an active young man. Lieut. Camp 
was badly wounded in the assault. Gardner, a tall young man. 
Jlyde, a very good lad, rather hasty. 

Mr. Butler, an alien, arrived from Lansingburg with Major 
Valette, who had permission to remain there some time — went 
to Stockbridge. Young Thompson arrived. Remarkably fine 
weather; dined with Loring; horse racing in the morning. Our 
wine arrived from New I'ork. My letter to Douglas was re- 
turned, he could not be found. Mrs. Dawson arrivecl from Mon- 
treal. 

The fourth of a year passed in Cheshire, and no prospect of an 
exchange. The 13th report to Capt. Brown. In the evening at 
the race. "Gipsey" was l)eaten by Richmond's horse, which 
was a very o;reat annoyance to the party. 

Sunday'; Elder Salan delivered a very good sermon; wet day. 
The Upper House passed a resolution some tirae ago to wear 
moustaches or pay a fine, which was done this day, each pei-son 
cutting his oft' and paying the forfeit. I applied to Major Mel- 
ville some time since to allow the. militia prisoners to work out;!/ 
part came last week, the remainder, making twenty, yesterday, 
all being penniless, and almost naked, not having received either 
money or clothing since their capture. Fine healthy weather — 
rather wet. 'No news from any part of the globe. Received an 
answer to the letter I wrote Mr. Walton, giving me leave to draw 
on him for money, in a way 1 thought rather iiidifterent — there- 
fore declined accepting it — Avrote an answer. 

General Riall came out and gave the officers a last adieu; lie 
is paroled, with Captain Wilson, to England; his stay was so 



e 



short, I had not an opportunity of seeing liim; wrote him a line 
osiuo" some certificate^; for his signature; he signed them, 
and sent mc a very polite answer. In the evening had a famous 
or infamous carrousal till 2 or three o'clock. No news by the 

[)0St. 

In the evening wo had a grarid ball, sixteen or eighteen ladies 
l>eing present; it passed off very agreeably. They are now to bo 
established every fortnight. The Pittsfield ladies were prevent- 
ed from coming, owing to the bad weather. 

18th. A very wet, disagreeable day. la the evening the in- 
habitants of Cheshire had a bal! in opposition to ours, aud invi- 
ted one of our officers, and requested him not to dance, which 
o-ave offence to part of the ladies, who with him left the room. 
A determined opposition has arisen between the inhabitants and 
gurselvc>i. Fortunatnly, we hare secured a strong party among 



82 • 

the ladies, which enables lis to put them at defiance. The great- 
est exertions are being made for our next ball on St. Andrew's 
day. Every one has his part in decorating the ball room, which 
is to be fitted out in the most splendid manner. 

19th. Made the 14th report; disagreeable weather, heavy 
snow; spent the evening at Lower House, 

Rode out to Captain Popham's; spent a most agreeable eve- 
ning with the ladies at Captain Brown's — among whom was a 
Miss Allen, a very fine girl, from Pittsford. She remained some 
time at this place. Captain Brown returned from Lansingbiirgh 
well pleased with the route. Spent the evening at Richmond's. 
The inhabitants in a fair way of being reconciled to the officers. 
TTad a bout in the evening — broke up at 2 in the morning. 

December 12. The tXournal ends here, but letters from Chesh- 
ire continue the subject. The application T inentioned has not 
been attended to, consequently, the hoj^es of seeing you in Cha- 
taque have vanished. When we return the route will be by 
Montreal, that is decided, I fear it will not be this winter. 

The prisoners all got their freedom by the closing of the war. 
Mr. Merritt reached home about the end of March, LSI 5. 



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